Pierre Beserman

Optic nerve disease and injury: Prospects for induction of regeneration

3. Optic Nerve Regeneration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 571 3.1. Macrophage Response to Axonal Injury: Implications for Regeneration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 572 3.2. Glial Cell Response to Axonal Injury . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 574 3.2.1. Oligodendrocytes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 574 3.2.2. Astrocytes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 574 3.3. Survival of Retinal Ganglion Cells after Axotomy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 576

Oligodendrocytes and Axonal Regrowth

Oligodendrocytes are postmitotic cells that develop from rapidly dividing precursor cells (Temple and Raff, 1986). Their survival depends on exogenous signaling molecules, such as growth factors, cytokines and neurotrophic factors (Arakawa et al., 1990; Barres et al., 1992, 1993; Buchman and Davies, 1993; Louis et al., 1993; McKinnon et al., 1990; Noble et al., 1988; Richardson et al., 1988).