Pierre Jean

Medical faculty as humanistic physicians and teachers: the perceptions of students at innovative and traditional medical schools.

The training of caring physicians represents an important goal of medical education. Little is known however, on whether medical faculty constitute good role models for teaching humanistic skills to medical students. In this study, we examined to what extent medical students at innovative and traditional schools perceived their teachers as humanistic physicians and teachers. We also explored whether pre‐clinical and clinical students shared the same perceptions.

Prevention by Stress and Cortisol of Gastric Ulcers Normally Produced by 48/80.

Summary Experiments on rats indicate that gastric ulcers produced by various stressors (as part of alarm reaction) differ qualitatively from those induced by histamine liberator 48/80. The latter lesions as well as. the anaphylactoid inflammation and shock produced by 48/80 can actually be prevented by stressors or Cortisol, although these same agents are, in themselves, capable of producing the alarm-reaction type of gastric erosion.

Role of local trauma in production of cutaneous calcinosis by dihydrotachysterol.

Summary In rats, a cutaneous calcinosis with sclerosis, not unlike that seen in certain types of clinical scleroderma, can be produced at will in predetermined regions of the skin. This is best accomplished if, at a critical time of systemic dihydrotachysterol overdosage, the selected cutaneous area is lightly traumatized by epilation.

Combined myeloid cell synchronization and chromosome G-banding by bromodeoxyuridine

A combined high-resolution G-banding technique and cell synchronization of bone marrow cultures by BrdU is presented and compared with direct technique, standard 24-hour culture, and synchronization both with low temperature and methotrexate. Mitotic count and quality of spreading are improved in comparison with unsynchronized techniques. Precision of banding is increased significantly compared with the four other techniques used. Our procedure, which presents the advantage of combined synchronization and banding, is simple, time-saving, and provides more information about the chromosomes. Our results suggest that the GB-FPG technique should be a method of choice for the synchronization of bone marrow cells.

Effects of Examiner Training on Open-Ended, Higher Taxonomic Level Questioning in Oral Certification Examinations.

In general, clinical oral examinations are intended to measure problem‐solving ability of candidates in complex situations. However, some examiners tend to ask closed‐ended questions of lower taxonomic level. Over a 5‐year period, on four different certification examinations in orthopedic surgery of the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada, a total of 42 examiners were observed and their skills at asking open‐ended questions of higher taxonomic level assessed. In order to improve the taxonomic level of questions, groups of examiners were given a 3‐hr training session before the examination, which resulted in a twofold increase in the number of open‐ended questions of problem‐solving level. In another examination, trained examiners asked one third more open‐ended questions and 50% more questions of problem‐solving level than did untrained examiners. In the last examination, the difference in performance between examiners trained years before and that of untrained examiners was less important,...

Verhtung der experimentellen Calcinosis cutis durch Aminoazetonitril (AAN)

ZusammenfassungEs gelingt bei der Ratte, nach Sensibilisierung mit peroraler Zufuhr von Dihydrotachysterin (DHT) durch eine leichte Hautschädigung (Ausrupfen des Felles) an einer beliebigen Stelle eine lokale Verkalkung mit Bindegewebsreaktion auszulösen. Die so erzeugten Veränderungen schen in mancher Beziehung der verkalkenden Sklerodermie („sclérodermie calcaire” der französischen Dermatologen) ähnlich; es bleibt jedoch einstweilen dahingestellt, ob sie mit ihr identisch oder sogar grundsätzlich verwandt sind.Die auf diese Weise erzeugten Hautveränderungen können durch Verabreichung des lathyrogenen Körpers Aminoacetonitril (AAN) verhindert werden.Es gelingt bei der Ratte, nach Sensibilisierung mit peroraler Zufuhr von Dihydrotachysterin (DHT) durch eine leichte Hautschadigung (Ausrupfen des Felles) an einer beliebigen Stelle eine lokale Verkalkung mit Bindegewebsreaktion auszulosen. Die so erzeugten Veranderungen schen in mancher Beziehung der verkalkenden Sklerodermie („sclerodermie calcaire” der franzosischen Dermatologen) ahnlich; es bleibt jedoch einstweilen dahingestellt, ob sie mit ihr identisch oder sogar grundsatzlich verwandt sind.

Sensitization by Thallium to Dihydrotachysterol Overdosage.

Summary A single dose of thallium acetate, which in itself produces no detectable organ lesions in the rat, causes severe nephrocalcinosis strictly limited to the corticomedullary junction line if an otherwise non-nephrotoxic dose of dihydrotachysterol (DHT) is administered simultaneously. The DHT-induced calcification in aorta and in traumatized skin regions is greatly aggravated by concurrent treatment with thallium acetate. This sensitizing effect of thallium acetate cannot be ascribed to its stressor action, since under comparable circumstances, exposure to stress (restraint) actually prevents the manifestations of DHT-intoxication.

Production of Cardiac Necroses and Nephrocalcinosis by Stress in Adrenalectomized Rats.

Summary In response to various stressors (cold, denervation, restraint), bilaterally adrenalectomized rats, suitably conditioned by pretreatment with certain corticoids and Na2HPO1 develop severe cardiac necroses and nephrocalcinosis. Apparently, these manifestations of stress are not mediated through increased secretion of adrenal hormones.