Pierre Lanthier

The Economic and Social Regulation of Public Utilities: An International History

1. The Economic and Social Regulation of Public Utilities: An International History Judith Clifton, Pierre Lanthier and Harm Schroter 2. Geo-politics versus market structure interventions in Europes infrastructure industries c. 1830-1939 Robert Millward 3. Infrastructure and nation building: The regulation and financing of network transportation infrastructures in Spain (1720-2010) Germa Bel 4. States and start-ups: Public competitors in Australian communications Jock Given 5. How politics, economics, and institutions shaped electric utility regulation in the United States: 1879-2009 William J. Hausman and John L. Neufeld 6. The 3 Rs: Regulation, risk and responsibility in British utilities since 1945 Martin Chick 7. Regulation redefined: the case of the electrical industry in Brazil and India from the 1990s to today Pierre Lanthier 8. From national monopoly to multinational corporation: How regulation shaped the road towards telecommunications internationalisation Judith Clifton, Francisco Comin and Daniel Diaz-Fuentes 9. Public utilities and private initiative: The French concession model in historical perspective Dominique Barjot

APPROPRIATING MODERNITY: ELECTRICITY IN MUMBAI'S SLUMS BEFORE THE FINANCIAL CRISIS OF 2008

S’approprier la modernite : l’electricite dans les bidonvilles de Mumbai (1991-2008) Des grandes reformes economiques de 1991 a la crise financiere de 2008, l’Inde a vecu un important developpement economique et urbain. Ce pays a eu besoin d’une croissance significative de son energie, et en particulier de son electricite, etant donne que l’industrie et les classes possedantes ont augmente leur consommation. Or il en a ete de meme pour les classes populaires, rurales comme urbaines, qui n’ont pas hesite a recourir au piratage massif de l’electricite, au point de ralentir serieusement les investissements dans le secteur. Une loi votee en 2003, tout en instituant de nouvelles structures et une reglementation plus poussee dans l’industrie electrique, a cherche a diminuer cette pratique, mais en vain. Les entreprises ont bien pris diverses mesures, cependant elles n’ont guere donne plus de resultats. A partir du cas de Mumbai, nous chercherons a comprendre pourquoi la reglementation a ete impuissante a limiter le vol d’energie dans les bidonvilles [1] .

Investing in electrical manufacturing in France: reinforcing or Americanising the existing structures? A long-term perspective

French businessmen, contrary to some judgements made recently, were not hostile to American methods and techniques. They borrowed steadily from Uncle Sam. If we go by the electrical manufacturing example, structural handicaps and the will to resist German domination incited France to import technology instead of undertaking its own research before Second World War. After 1945, many observed that the French became suspicious about Americans. However, neither the private nor the public sector went along with this attitude. Both borrowed organisational structures and technology from the United States. Électricité de France even pushed the big French electrical manufacturers to become familiar with American technology. Meanwhile, household appliance producers put into practice various marketing techniques developed by the Americans. But before 1960, these marketing techniques could not create a mass consumption market in France. Proper infrastructure and an extended market were necessary prerequisites. It is only from the 1960s that the catching up of the French became impressive. At that time, Americanisation tended to be generated more and more by the French themselves.