Pietro Donà

Matter matters in asymptotically safe quantum gravity

We investigate the compatibility of minimally coupled scalar, fermion and gauge fields with asymptotically safe quantum gravity, using nonperturbative functional Renormalization Group methods. We study d=4,5 and 6 dimensions and within certain approximations find that for a given number of gauge fields there is a maximal number of scalar and fermion degrees of freedom compatible with an interacting fixed point at positive Newton coupling. The bounds impose severe constraints on grand unification with fundamental Higgs scalars. Supersymmetry and universal extra dimensions are also generally disfavored. The standard model and its extensions accommodating right-handed neutrinos, the axion and dark-matter models with a single scalar are compatible with a fixed point.

Asymptotic safety in an interacting system of gravity and scalar matter

Asymptotic safety is an attractive scenario for the dynamics of quantum spacetime. Here, we work from a phenomenologically motivated point of view and emphasize that a viable dynamics for quantum gravity in our universe must account for the existence of matter. In particular, we explore the scale-dependence of a scalar matter-gravity-vertex, and investigate whether an interacting fixed point exists for the so-defined Newton coupling. We find a viable fixed point in the pure-gravity system, disregarding scalar quantum fluctuations. We explore its extensions to the case with dynamical scalars, and find indications of asymptotic safety in the matter-gravity system. We moreover examine the anomalous dimensions for different components of the metric fluctuations, and find significant differences between the transverse traceless and scalar component.

Scattering amplitudes in super-renormalizable gravity

A bstractWe explicitly compute the tree-level on-shell four-graviton amplitudes in four, five and six dimensions for local and weakly nonlocal gravitational theories that are quadratic in both, the Ricci and scalar curvature with form factors of the d’Alembertian operator inserted between. More specifically we are interested in renormalizable, super-renormalizable or finite theories. The scattering amplitudes for these theories turn out to be the same as the ones of Einstein gravity regardless of the explicit form of the form factors. As a special case the four-graviton scattering amplitudes in Weyl conformal gravity are identically zero. Using a field redefinition, we prove that the outcome is correct for any number of external gravitons (on-shell n−point functions) and in any dimension for a large class of theories. However, when an operator quadratic in the Riemann tensor is added in any dimension (with the exception of the Gauss-Bonnet term in four dimensions) the result is completely altered, and the scattering amplitudes depend on all the form factors introduced in the action.

Yang-Mills condensate as dark energy: A nonperturbative approach

Models based on Yang-Mills condensate (YMC) have been advocated in the literature and claimed to be successful candidates to explain dark energy. Several instantiations of this simple idea have been considered, the most promising of which are reviewed here. Nevertheless, results previously attained heavily relied on the perturbative approach to the analysis of the effective Yang-Mills action, which is only adequate in the asymptotically-free limit, and were extended into a regime, the infrared limit, in which confinement is expected. We show that if a minimum of the effective Lagrangian in θ=−F μν F /2 exists, a YMC forms that drives the Universe toward an accelerated de Sitter phase. The details of the models depend weakly on the specific form of the effective YangMills Lagrangian. Using non-perturbative techniques mutated from the functional renormalization group procedure, we finally show that the minimum in θ of the effective Lagrangian exists, thus YMC can actually take place. The non-perturbative model has properties similar to the ones of the perturbative model. In the early stage of the universe, the YMC equation of state has an evolution that resembles the radiation component, i.e. wy → 1/3. However, in the late stage, wy naturally runs to the critical state with wy = −1, and the universe transits from matter-dominated into dark energy dominated stage only recently, at a redshift the value of which depends on the initial conditions that are chosen while solving the dynamical system.

Quantum reduced loop gravity: extension to gauge vector field

Within the framework of quantum reduced loop gravity, we quantize the Hamiltonian for a gauge vector field. The regularization can be performed using tools analogous to the ones adopted in full loop quantum gravity, while the matrix elements of the resulting operator between basis states are analytic coefficients. This analysis is the first step toward deriving the full quantum gravity corrections to the vector field semiclassical dynamics.

Note on the semiclassicality of cosmological perturbations

Moving from the consideration that matter fields must be treated in terms of their fundamental quantum counterparts, we show straightforward arguments, within the framework of ordinary quantum mechanics and quantum field theory, in order to convince readers that cosmological perturbations must be addressed in term of the semiclassical limit of the expectation value of quantum fields. We first take into account cosmological perturbations originated by a quantum scalar field, and then extend our treatment in order to account for the expectation values of bilinears of Dirac fermion fields. The latter can indeed transform as scalar quantities under diffeomorphisms, as well as all the other bilinear of the Dirac fields that belong to the Clifford algebra. This is the first of a series of works that is intended to prove that cosmological quantum perturbations can actually be accounted for in terms of Dirac fermion fields, which must be treated as fundamental quantum objects, and their dynamics.