Ping-Shih Yang

Review of the Tribe Bolboceratini s.l. from Taiwan (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea: Geotrupidae) with a Key to the Eurasian Genera

Abstract Four genera and seven species of the scarab beetle tribe Bolboceratini s.l. in Taiwan are reviewed, including the description of a new species, Bolbelasmus minutus Li & Masumoto. After a detailed comparison with the holotype, Bolbelasmus kurosawai Masumoto is considered a junior synonym of Bolbelasmus coreanus (Kolbe). Bolbelasmus meridionalis Krikken is now excluded from the fauna of Taiwan. Key (males only), redescriptions, illustrations, the type depository, commentary, phenology, geographical distributions, and drawings of the male genitalia of each valid species are included. Additionally, a key to the genera of the Eurasian Bolboceratini s.l. is provided.

Genetic Differentiation of Troides Aeacus Formosanus (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae), Based on Cytochrome Oxidase I Sequences and Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism

ABSTRACT The butterfly Troides aeacus formosanus (Rothschild) (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae) is one of the five T. aeacus subspecies adapted to tropical regions and is endemic to Taiwan. Partial DNA sequences of cytochrome oxidase I (COI) and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers were analyzed to differentiate this birdwing butterfly subspecies and to indicate its possible dispersal history. Phylogenetic relationship analyses have shown that T. a. formosanus can be divided into lineages I and II with limited COI variations, and AFLP patterns also have shown two divergent clusters, A and B. In populations collected from southern Taiwan, there was a significant relationship between lineage II and cluster B. Parsimonious network of COI indicated haplotype H1, the nearest to the other subspecies, should be the basal form in T. a. formosanus. Both COI sequences and AFLP patterns indicated that haplotype diversity was high in all populations, whereas low levels of genetic differentiation were found among populations. Molecular variance suggested that most of the total variance was due to differences within populations. These results, together with the divergence estimation and the specific geological topology in southern Taiwan, indicate that T. a. formosanus might have entered Taiwan during recent glaciations (≈150,000 yr ago) and become adapted to the tropical environment. The observed differentiation of T. a. formosanus could have resulted from the geographic barriers of the Central Range on the island. Moreover, genetic exchanges caused by movement of individuals among butterfly farms or gardens in the past two decades may have led to less diversification among current populations of T. a. formosanus.

Revision of the Melolontha guttigera Group (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) With a Key and an Annotated Checklist of the East and South-East Asian Melolontha Groups

ABSTRACT The Oriental Melolontha guttigera species group is revised with synopsis, a key to species, description of a new species, redescriptions of known species, remarks, illustrations, and distribution map, The guttigera species group is the only representative of the genus with its distribution extending southward from the eastern Himalayas to Indochina and crossing the equator to Java. Five species are known in this group, including a new species, M. setifera, from Myanmar. Lectotypes are designated for Melolontha guttigera Sharp and Melolontha weyersi Brenske. A key for the East and South-East Asian species group of the genus is provided, An annotated checklist of Melolontha species recorded in the region is updated in which several nomenclatural changes are proposed as follows: Hoplosternus carinata Brenske, Hoplosternus malaccensis Moser, Hoplosternus incana Motschulsky, and Hoplosternus shanghaiana Brenske are transferred to Melolontha; Melolontha fuliginosa Fairmaire and Melolontha laticauda Bates are transferred to Exolontha; Hoplosternus laevipennis Blanchard is transferred to Tocama; Hoplosternus heydeni Moser n. syn. = Melolontha chinensis (Guérin-Méneville); Melolontha nitidicollis Blanchard n. syn. = Melolontha indica Hope; Hoplosternus bifurcatus Brenske n. syn. = Melolontha furcienanda Ancey; Melolontha albidiventris Fairmaire n. syn. = Tocama rubiginosa (Fairmaire); Hoplesternus squamulatus Frey n. syn. = Tocama laevipennis (Blanchard); Melolontha hualiensis Kobayashi et Chou n. syn. = Melolontha minima Kobayashi.

Three new species of Bolbochromus Boucomont (Coleoptera, Geotrupidae, Bolboceratinae) from Southeast Asia

Abstract Three new species of the Oriental bolboceratine genus Bolbochromus Boucomont 1909, Bolbochromus minutus Li and Krikken, sp. n. (Thailand), Bolbochromus nomurai Li and Krikken, sp. n. (Vietnam), and Bolbochromus malayensis Li and Krikken, sp. n. (Malaysia), are described from continental Southeast Asia with diagnoses, distributions, remarks and illustrations. The genus is discussed with emphasis on continental Southeast Asia. A key to species known from Indochina and Malay Penisula is presented. An annotated checklist of Bolbochromus species is presented.

One the genus Tocama Reitter (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Melolonthinae), with descriptions of two new species from Indochina

Abstract Two new species of the Oriental scarab genus Tocama Reitter, 1902, Tocama laosensis sp. n. and Tocama procera sp. n., are described from Indochina with diagnoses, distributions, remarks and illustrations. A key to the species of the genus is provided with a checklist with several nomenclatural changes: Hoplosternus tonkinensis Moser, 1913 is transferred to Tocama; Hoplosternus pygidialis Moser, 1915 syn. n., Tocama atra atra Keith, 2006 syn. n. and Tocama atra reichenbachi Keith, 2007 syn. n. = Tocama tonkinensis (Moser).

Review of the genus Stenothemus Bourgeois from Taiwan, with description of three new species (Coleoptera: Cantharidae) and additional distributional records of previously known species

The genus Stenothemus Bourgeois from Taiwan is reviewed, with description of three new species: S. lupus sp. nov., S. gemini sp. nov. and S. vulpecula sp. nov. Each species is described with photos of habitus, and the new species also include illustrations of aedeagi, female genitalia and abdominal ventrite VII (= sternite VIII) of female if available. In addition, the female of S. mamorui Okushima & M. Satô, 1999 is described for the first time, and female genitalia and the abdominal ventrite VII are illustrated. A distribution map of Stenothemus from Taiwan is presented, and an updated key for the identification of Stenothemus species from Taiwan is given.

Two new species of Megistophylla Burmeister (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae) from Taiwan, with notes on the genus

The genus Megistophylla (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae) was first reported from Taiwan with the descriptions and illustrations of two new species, Megistophylla formosana Wang & Li, new species () and Megistophylla xitoui Li & Wang, new species (). An annotated checklist and modified key for the species in the genus are provided. The information in checklist for each species includes: literature review, synonymy, distribution, and type locality.

Synopsis of the Genus Tocama (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae)

ABSTRACT The Oriental melolonthine genus Tocama Reitter, 1902 is reviewed. The genus includes 11 species with 3 new Chinese species, Tocama varimaculata Li and Yang, sp. nov., Tocama zhangia Wang and Li, sp. nov., and Tocama similis Li and Wang, sp. nov. described herein. A lectotype is designated for Melolontha rubiginosa Fairmaire, 1889. An amended key for males, diagnoses, redescriptions, illustrations, the type depository, phenology, geographical distributions and map, remarks, and drawings of the male genitalia of each species are given.

六龜黑金龜（鞘翅目：金龜子科：鰓金龜亞科）雌蟲之首次發現並論雄蟲外生殖器

The female scarab of monotypic Holotrichia liukueiensis Kobayashi is discovered. The following information is provided for species: description of female, additional morphological features of males, illustrations of adult in both sexes and male genitalia, new distributional data, remarks and discussion on male genitalia.