Piotr Czech

Identification of Leakages in the Inlet System of an Internal Combustion Engine with the Use of Wigner-Ville Transform and RBF Neural Networks

In recent years the number of vehicles using the roads all over the world has been constantly increasing. A continuous progress in the field of new technologies causes that they become cheaper and cheaper to manufacture and at the same time more accessible. In order to balance the positive and negative effects of motorisation development, world organisations introduce stricter and stricter regulations concerning the safety and the natural environment protection. Each car produced now is equipped with an on-board diagnostic system OBD. Such systems serve to assess the efficiency of the basic elements in a vehicle. The article attempts to determine the lacks of tightness in the inlet system of the internal combustion engine on the basis of vibration effects emitted by the engine. On the basis of a model prepared with the use of Wigner-Ville transform a series of experiments has been conducted to achieve a design of a properly functioning neural classifier which may extend the operation of an OBD system.

Underage Pedestrian Road Users in Terms of Road Accidents

Very frequently during issuing opinions of occurred traffic accident, are used statistical material depicting certain relationships affecting its occurrence or process. The article presents the results of studies which aim was to determine the speed of pedestrians movement in traffic. As research material were chosen underage people of school age from 7 to 18 years. Here has been studied different ways of people movement, starting from slow step, by normal till the fast move. The results were summarized according to the sex and age of the respondents. The resulting values of movement speed can be useful during the spatio-temporal analysis carried out by forensic experts during issuing opinions of occurred road accidents involving underage pedestrians.

Physically Disabled Pedestrians—Road Users in Terms of Road Accidents

Pedestrians are an integral part of the full-fledged road users. Like other users, they shape the traffic on the roads, as well as subject to all prevailing dependency on the road. Among a group of pedestrians can be distinguished group that will have a different specificity. This group includes people with disabilities. Such persons, because of their limitations, have different requirements for road infrastructure or means of communication. Way to move these people is also different. All these aspects must be taken into account by analysing the group in terms of past accidents on the road. The article presents issues that may be useful in the analysis of road accidents occurred involving pedestrian participants of roads, characterized by physical disabilities.

Application of Bayes Classifier and Entropy of Vibration Signals to Diagnose Damage of Head Gasket in Internal Combustion Engine of a Car

Currently applied diagnostic systems of technical condition use more and more advanced methods of gathering and processing input data. Many scientific research centres all over the world deal with problems connected with this topic. Up till now no such unified set of guidelines has been constructed which would allow for construction of properly functioning diagnostic system no matter which object is chosen. That is why there is a constant need to test the possibilities of application of existing methods and their modification to match given diagnostic cases. In this article the results of tests conducted with the use of Bayes classifier for diagnostic purposes are presented. The purpose of the tests was diagnosis of technical condition of head gasket in internal combustion engine of a car. The source of information about technical condition was the vibration signal measured in various measurement points. In order to describe the character of changes occurring in vibration signal the measurement in form of entropy was marked for decomposed signal with the use of discrete wavelet transform (DWT).

Intelligent Approach to Valve Clearance Diagnostic in Cars

In many research centres all over the world work is nowadays being carried out aimed at compiling a method for diagnostic of machines technical condition. Non-destructive methods, including methods using vibroacoustic phenomena, have a special meaning. As we can read in the literature, vibroacoustic signals generated during the work of technical objects have necessary information connected with the technical condition of those objects. An appropriate transformation of registered signals is the main problem. This paper suggests using a discrete wavelet transform and energy and entropy, which provide the basis for a diagnostic system of valve clearance in a car combustion engine. Research aimed at building a diagnostic system using neural networks was conducted. This approach to diagnosis of the technical condition of combustion engine elements gives a possibility for the future enlargement of an on-board diagnostic system OBD, which is being used nowadays.

Diagnosing of Disturbances in the Ignition System by Vibroacoustic Signals and Radial Basis Function – Preliminary Research

Currently applied on-board diagnostic systems enable to find a simple defect if it exceeds the boundary values. If the damage does not exceed such values, measured with the use of intermediate values, which are the criteria for the assessment of exhaust fumes emission, such damage may remain unidentified by the imperfect model of the system. Preliminary tests show that some mechanical damages even over the admissible sizes do not constitute the basis for the reaction of the diagnostic system. At present, failure symptoms found in the signal, are more and more often studied with the aid of artificial intelligence methods. The major issue referred to in the literature related to methods of artificial intelligence is the method for creating the data used in the process of neural network operations. The ability to set up models is the guarantee for a successful classifying process using neural networks. The paper presents an attempt of detecting disturbances in the ignition system by measuring the engine block accelerations and noise based on these, building patterns for radial artificial neural networks (Radial Basis Function – RBF).

Diagnosing a Car Engine Fuel Injectors’ Damage

Acombustion engine during operation generates vibration and acoustic phenomena. Vibroacoustic phenomena comprise information concerning the correctness of engine work and the condition of its each element. Many vibroacoustic phenomena sources occur in such engine, what causes a disruption of diagnostic information. All over the world attempts continue to use vibroacoustic phenomena to diagnose the condition of machines, also of combustion engines of motor vehicles. The development of methods for conversion of vibroacoustic signals and diagnostic signals allows expanding in the future the use of an on-board diagnostic system OBD in vehicles. The development of a complex diagnostic system is especially interesting, which would be able to diagnose the technical condition of particular elements of a car engine, using the information based on vibroacoustic signals. This article presents trials of using vibratory signals, generated by a four-cylinder combustion engine of 1.6 dm3 capacity, for diagnostics of a fuel injector damage.

Determination of the Course of Pressure in an Internal Combustion Engine Cylinder with the Use of Vibration Effects and Radial Basis Function – Preliminary Research

A huge development of new technologies applied in the automotive industry has been observed in recent years. It is visible both in designing, manufacturing and operating new means of transport. All over the world, a number of research institutions deal with such issues. Currently, there are many tests in progress on the development of internal combustion engines which are all mainly conditioned by ecological aspects. All that is aimed at designs which are the most eco-friendly and at the same time which have the best technological parameters. To maintain a proper functioning the presently produced engines are controlled with a lot of electronic sensors installed in the vehicle. In the test, an attempt was made to determine the course of internal combustion pressure in a cylinder on the basis of registered vibration signals. Radial neural networks taught using the data achieved from the decomposition with the application of a discrete wavelet transform were used in this test.

An Intelligent Approach to Wear of Piston-Cylinder Assembly Diagnosis Based on Entropy of Wavelet Packet and Probabilistic Neural Networks

The diagnosing of combustion engines with vibration methods is especially difficult due to the presence of multiple sources of vibration interfering with the symptoms of damages. The diagnosing of engines with vibro-acoustic methods is difficult also due to the necessity to analyse non-stationary and transient signals. Various methods for selection of usable signal are utilised in the diagnosing process. Changes of the engine technical condition resulting from early stages of wear are difficult to detect because of the effect of mechanical defect masking by adaptive engine control systems. The paper presents an attempt to evaluate the wear of a piston-cylinder assembly with the aid of vibration signal recorded on spark ignition engine body. The subject of the study was a four-cylinder combustion engine 1.2 dm3, based on the measurement of accelerations of body vibrations and entropy of wavelet packet transform for fault pattern identification. According to the studies carried out, it is possible to utilise probabilistic artificial neural networks for the evaluation of the clearance in piston-cylinder assembly.

Bike-Sharing as an Element of Integrated Urban Transport System

The following paper is meant to illustrate the use of the idea of bike-sharing system in urban logistics. In their work, the authors referred to cycling in Poland and to the Poles’ attitude towards the use of the bike as an alternative means of transport in the city. The idea of self-service public bike rental system has been widely presented in the article. Further, the components of the architecture system have been discussed. The authors presented the principle of functioning of the self-service public bike rental system, called bike-sharing, as well as its transport accessibility in cities in Poland. Moreover, the authors illustrated the principle of functioning of the system by the case of public bike rental in the city of Katowice, called ‘City by Bike’, and in the city of Cracow, called ‘Wavelo’. The main aim of the work was to present the idea of self-service public bike rental (bike sharing), its functionality and chosen examples.