Piotr Kościelniak

Endocannabinoid and Cannabinoid-Like Fatty Acid Amide Levels Correlate with Pain-Related Symptoms in Patients with IBS-D and IBS-C: A Pilot Study

Aims Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a functional gastrointestinal (GI) disorder, associated with alterations of bowel function, abdominal pain and other symptoms related to the GI tract. Recently the endogenous cannabinoid system (ECS) was shown to be involved in the physiological and pathophysiological control of the GI function. The aim of this pilot study was to investigate whether IBS defining symptoms correlate with changes in endocannabinoids or cannabinoid like fatty acid levels in IBS patients. Methods AEA, 2-AG, OEA and PEA plasma levels were determined in diarrhoea-predominant (IBS-D) and constipation-predominant (IBS-C) patients and were compared to healthy subjects, following the establishment of correlations between biolipid contents and disease symptoms. FAAH mRNA levels were evaluated in colonic biopsies from IBS-D and IBS-C patients and matched controls. Results Patients with IBS-D had higher levels of 2AG and lower levels of OEA and PEA. In contrast, patients with IBS-C had higher levels of OEA. Multivariate analysis found that lower PEA levels are associated with cramping abdominal pain. FAAH mRNA levels were lower in patients with IBS-C. Conclusion IBS subtypes and their symptoms show distinct alterations of endocannabinoid and endocannabinoid-like fatty acid levels. These changes may partially result from reduced FAAH expression. The here reported changes support the notion that the ECS is involved in the pathophysiology of IBS and the development of IBS symptoms.

Hereditarily indecomposable inverse limits of graphs: shadowing, mixing and exactness

We provide a method of construction of topologically mixing maps f on topological graph G with the shadowing property and such that the inverse limit with f as the single bonding map is a hereditarily indecomposable continuum. Additionally, f can be obtained as an arbitrarily small perturbation of any given topologically exact map on G, and if G is the unit circle, then f is necessarily topologically exact.

Genericity of inverse shadowing property

Let M be a topological manifold admitting a finite decomposition into sets homeomorphic to a closed ball. In this paper, we prove that a C 0 generic discrete dynamical system on M has a (periodic) inverse shadowing property with respect to some class of continuous methods.