Piotr Markowski

Optical fiber sensors as the primary element in the protection of critical infrastructure especially in optoelectronic transmission lines

The security systems of the wide area objects are dominated by fiber optic sensors, used primarily to perimeter protection as well as to the protection of vast objects such as pipelines. Critical infrastructure objects are not only industrial facilities but also the transmission lines. Authors present the sensor systems compared to sensors for extensive object security currently available on the market. The designed systems, such as double interferometer system as well as more and more popular QKD systems are sensors with distributed sensing field. These systems, described by authors in many publications, are excellent solutions for the protection of wide area infrastructural objects. Presented fiber sensors, besides sabotage detection also offer the possibility of locating the disturbance along many kilometers of the zone. The solution presented in this paper was designed to adapt well known solutions to the physical protection of the transmission line without interfering with the transmitted data. According to the knowledge of potential threats of fiber optic telecommunications, the authors present methods of protecting fiber optics telecommunication cable, and present their own solutions and describe their application possibilities.

Laboratory and field tests of the Active Composite Fence with integrated fiber optic modalmetric sensor and electromagnetic sensor

This paper presents tests of the active composite fence with razor tape module. Due to application of electro-magnetic and optical fiber sensors the fence becomes actively protected. This type of solution may be used to detect violations of peripheral areas [1]. Due to using composite materials the fence is lighter, cheaper and resistant to environmental conditions (including corrosion). What is the most important the composite fence system is transparent to electromagnetic waves. Another advantage of using composite material is the possibility of integration the fiber optic and electro-magnetic cable in the structure of the fence [2]. The durability of a composite is comparable to a standard metal fence. The paper presents test results of the sensors placed on the composite fence. This type of the fence system protection with alarm sensors integrated in its structure is unique in the world scale. Performed tests consisted of laboratory and field tests of modalmetric fiber optic sensor itself, laboratory and field tests of electro-magnetic sensor itself and field tests of both sensors combined. During the laboratory tests an electrodynamic shaker was used to excite the modalmetric sensor to an alarm state. Its excitation distance decreases with the frequency growth. The tests were made for different frequencies and different forces to imitate different fence violation e.g. climbing on it, cutting it or walking along it.

Pulse interferometer in protection of telecommunication lines

On of the approach to the subject of security is the protection of transmission lines by sensing devices. But in this case protection is limited by detection properties of used sensors. Ideal solution providing completely safe transmission would be a combination of sensing signal with transmitted data. Unfortunately, pulse sensor solutions are not widely used in fiber optic protection. In this paper authors presents solution that can provide higher level of security in data transmission. Team of authors conducted a study on use of pulse interferometer system for transmission line protection and a combination of sensing signal with encoded transmitted data. Analysis of pulse interferometer properties in terms of information security and ability to readout of transmitted data. There is also consideration of using the sensor in areas other than transmission lines protection. Analysis of pulse interferometer properties in terms of information security and ability to readout of transmitted data. There is also consideration of using the sensor in areas other than transmission lines protection.

Optimization Of The Operation Of A Fiber Optic Interference-based Sensor For Perimeter Protection

The main purpose of the paper is to present the impact of the polarization state of light in fiber optic interference sensors on their stability and efficiency. The main application of interference-based sensors for security is the protection of wide area objects, especially perimeter protection. This type of sensor offers high accuracy of locating disturbances and a high certainty of detection. Their advantage is resistance to external electromagnetic interference, such as storms, or to influence other devices located in the detection zone. The sensitive part of the sensor does not introduce electromagnetic disturbances to the environment. An interference-based fiber sensor requires complex methods of signal detection in order to achieve the maximum efficiency. The paper describes research on the impact of polarization state of light in fiber optic interference-based sensors on stability, accuracy and efficiency in order to determine the alarm state and the disorder location. The paper presents a method to stabilize the state of light polarization in order to maintain the detection state of the maximum contrast. We determined the state of light polarization with the highest detection efficiency and stability of tested sensors. We present an interference-based sensor with a stabilized level of detection at the point of the maximum sensitivity.

Multispectral solutions in surveillance systems: the need for data fusion

Surveillance systems are using more and more devices that use multiple spectral bands to detect threats, such as millimeter-wave radar, terahertz cameras, infrared cameras, and many others. These devices enable early detection of occurring threats. However, using such a wide spectrum of devices can significantly increase the amount of data collected by the system. This creates a need to determine the suitability of the information of individual devices, and reduce the amount of data. In this paper, the authors consider problems of data fusion from multispectral sensors and the possibilities of applications in security systems. The paper describes the opportunities and risks that potentially carry the use of data fusion, and shows the ability to detect and identify the target using data collected by multispectral sensors. A very important aspect of data fusion is to reduce the amount of data without losing contained information, and improve the readability, which facilitates its interpretation by a system operator. The paper focuses on determining the possible ranges of detection for selected multispectral devices capable of producing the correct synthesis of data.

Ultra long range surveillance camera for critical infrastructure protection research range

Visible, LLTV and anti-fog cameras have different abilities to capture external information, and combining these abilities of the three cameras can greatly improve the environment perception ability of intruders or emergency situations. Designed specifically for professional surveillance use, multi active pixel sensor camera of this type allows targets to be monitored at long distance and tracked using the proportional pan, tilt and zoom system. In the article the research results of the camera to determine realistic and standardized parameters, e.g. range of detection, recognition and identification of humans are described. The paper presents measuring equipment, procedures and results.

Passive automatic anti-piracy defense system of ships

The article describes the technological solution for ship self-defense against pirate attacks. The paper presents the design solutions in the field of direct physical protection. All the solutions are connected with the latest optoelectronic and microwave systems and sensors to detect, recognize and the threat posed by pirates. In particular, tests of effectiveness and the detection-range of technology demonstrator developed by a team of authors were carried out.