Piotr Pawlik

PixelStreams-based implementation of videodetector

This paper introduces a method that enhances the relocatability of partial bitstreams for FPGA run-time reconfiguration. Reconfigurable applications usually employ partial bitstreams which are specific to one target region on the FPGA. Previously, techniques have been proposed that allow relocation between identical regions on the FPGA. However, as FPGAs are becoming increasingly heterogeneous, this approach is often too restrictive. We introduce a method that circumvents the problem of having to find fully identical regions based on compatible subsets of resources, enabling flexible placement of relocatable modules. In a software defined radio prototype with two reconfigurable regions, the number of partial bitstreams is reduced by 50% and the compile time is shortened by 43%.In the present paper the background generation and motion detection algorithms, which are of key importance for the implementation of video detection, have been presented. A modification of the background generation algorithm, essential for proper algorithm functioning at medium and high road-traffic conditions, has been proposed. Algorithm adaptation for the implementation in reprogrammable device has been also presented. PixelStream-based implementation has been successfully performed. Real-time verification on reconfigurable platform has been done.

Video Detection Algorithm Using an Optical Flow Calculation Method

The article presents the concept and implementation of an algorithm for detecting and counting vehicles based on optical flow analysis. The effectiveness and calculation time of three optical flow algorithms (Lucas-Kanade, Horn-Schunck and Brox) were compared. Taking into account the effectiveness and calculation time the Horn-Schunck algorithm was selected and applied to separating moving objects. The authors found that the algorithm is effective at detecting objects when they are subject to binarisation using a fixed threshold. Thanks to the specialized software the results obtained by the algorithm were compared with the manual ones: the total vehicle detection and counting rate achieved by the algorithm was 95,4%. The algorithm is capable to analyse about 8 frames per second (Intel Core i7 920, 2.66 GHz processor, Win7x64).

INSIGMA: an intelligent transportation system for urban mobility enhancement

Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) aim to improve safety, mobility and environmental performance of road transport. The INSIGMA project provides a fresh look at the possible innovations in this field, by enhancing the functionality and accuracy of ITS in urban environments. This paper describes the architecture, sensors, processing algorithms, output modules and advantages of the developed system. A comparison of existing ITS systems has been provided as background. Special attention has been given to performance and privacy issues, as the system includes social aspects such as location monitoring.

Contribution of the INSIGMA Project to the Field of Intelligent Transportation Systems

With the growing number of vehicles traveling on public roads, traffic congestion has become a serious problem, resulting in more unpredictable travel times, increased fuel consumption and pollution. Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS), already being developed by several countries, aim to improve safety, mobility and environmental performance. The goal of the INSIGMA project is to develop a system providing functionality of a typical ITS: real-time traffic monitoring, route planning and traffic control. In this paper we discuss the concepts and solutions developed within the project: dynamic map, sensors – videodetector and GPS tracker – as well as advanced route planning and traffic control algorithms.

Reduction of Pixel Occurrences in Background Updating

Abstract The paper presents the modification of background generation algorithm based on analysis of the frequency of occurrences of pixels. The proposed solution allows the generation of the background and its updating, the introduced parameter allows to adjust the algorithm according to the time rate of changes in the image. The results show that the modified method can be applied in many tasks related to the detection and analysis of moving objects.

Ground Truth Generating Tool for Traffic Video Detector

Abstract The paper presents an application for generating ground truth data for the purposes of video detection and justifies its use in systems which analyze road traffic videos. The usefulness of described application in the development of video detection software is presented - especially during scene configuration and comparative analysis of video detection results versus ground truth data. The latter is possible due to simplicity of the result text files generated in a similar way both by the presented application and by the video detection algorithm. Two exemplary applications of the tool designed to generate ground truth data are presented, together with a discussion of their construction, functionality and abilities.

Segmentation of Objects in Log-Polar Space

Abstract The aim of this work was to develop a simple and fast yet robust algorithm for segmentation of objects in log-polar space. Assuming that some interesting parts of an image are selected by fixation of point of attention, pixels located close to fixation points are transformed to a log-polar space, then edge detection is performed. As a final step, detected edges are processed in a specific manner, which should lead to obtain boundaries of objects. After some smoothing, the detected boundaries are transformed back to a Cartesian space and are superimposed on an original image in order to show results of segmentation.

Color Analysis Supporting a Traffic Flow Measurement Based on Optical Flow

Abstract The aim of this work was to develop an algorithm for estimating the waiting time of the cars stopped before the intersection in a traffic flow measurement system (based on optical flow), which does not require the generation of the background and allows to calculation in real time. The proposed method performs analysis in HSV color space - a mask generated from S component is applied to H component. In this way a background - an asphalt and horizontal whitespace - is eliminated. The result of this operation is combined with data from optical flow to detect the vehicles which should be tracked.

Efficient implementation of background generation method based on pixel occurrences

Abstract The paper presents the implementation of modified background generation algorithm based on analysis of the frequency of occurrences of pixels. The proposed solution allows the use of the algorithm in real-time systems, which was quite difficult in the original method. The results show that the modified algorithm gives practically the same background as the original method but in significantly less time and can be applied in many tasks related to the detection and analysis of moving objects.

Visual Surveillance for Movement Rehabilitation

Abstract The paper presents an attempt to create a system for visual surveillance for movement rehabilitation. The Delaunay triangulation was used as a key method for skeletonization of detected human silhouette. Also, the Hough transform was performed on skeletons of selected body parts in order to obtain slants of those body parts. Analysis of slant changes gives information of movement range, number of exercise repetitions and in general, to assessing correctness of performed exercises. The presented results show that - under some circumstances - it is possible to create visual system for such task.