Piotr Uchroński

A fuzzy system to support the configuration of baggage screening devices at an airport

We model baggage screening devices at an airport to evaluate their effectiveness.Fuzzy inference system to assist airport security manager was built.Evaluation of single X-ray device as well as entire equipment is possible.TIP images number and frequency influence the evaluation of the security system.Devices replacement strategy was evaluated for EPKT airport. An airport is a complex engineering system; it is composed of many elements interconnected with numerous internal relations with a strongly pronounced role of the human factor. One of the specific tasks carried out by the airport managing entity (AME) is to configure the airport security system (ApSS) so that to attain the expected level of confidence in the airport safety and security. This task consists in selection of infrastructure, technical equipment, allocation of personnel and financial means that are necessary to perform all functions of the ApSS. One of the aspects of the configuration of the ApSS is the allocation of available X-ray baggage screening devices searching for items prohibited for transportation. To make this allocation, we need to know how effective these devices are (in terms of detecting prohibited items). This assessment is dependent on several factors which are treated as linguistic variables and are input to fuzzy inference system: the ability to detect explosives, the number of detection lines, the effectiveness of the TIP (Threat Image Projection) system and the age of the machine. Some of these elements are difficult to objective assessment, as they are heavily dependent on the human factor or the information is uncertain or incomplete. So fuzzy ApSS analysis is proposed. The output from the fuzzy inference system is linguistic variable Device evaluation. The meaning of this variable is the ability to protect the aircraft against prohibited items. The proposed new method of assessing the airport baggage screening system involves the construction of a hierarchical fuzzy inference system. The usefulness of the method is exemplified for Katowice-Pyrzowice International Airport, for which an assessment of devices has been performed. The results show that not only allocation of specific devices for specific control points is important for the security of passengers. Also important are the locally accepted principles of their work, which so far are not specified by international regulations. This applies for instance to the selection of the number and frequency of TIP images. Experiments show that the proposed approach can be effective as part of an expert system for supporting the airport operator in configuring ApSS.

Managing the process of passenger security control at an airport using the fuzzy inference system

A model for assessment of passenger security control efficiency was created.Human factor and the technical factor were taken into account collectively.Hierarchical fuzzy inference system was used and implemented.Passenger security control efficiency was determined in real conditions.Method and software for airport management support was developed. Elements of air transport infrastructure as well as passengers and aircraft are constantly at risk of terrorist attack. One of the most important preventative methods is the security control of persons and baggage at airports. Managing this process requires finding a compromise between high capacity of the terminal and the high effectiveness of the security control. The purpose of this study is to show the applicability of an expert system, which assists security managers in deciding how to organise the security screening process. Due to the important role of the human factor, the need to use experts opinions and the high uncertainty and imprecise nature of information, the developed model and computer tool FUPSCA (FUzzy Passenger Security Control Assessment) uses the fuzzy sets theory and a fuzzy inference system. Its use allows us to adjust the operating parameters of the security screening checkpoint, namely the WTMD sensitivity, number of employees and the frequency of manual controls, to the current level of terrorist threat. As a result of the study it was found that if we want to achieve higher security control effectiveness we should first increase the WTMDs sensitivity and only then increase the frequency of additional manual controls and not the other way round. Of course the FUPSCA system provides specific, quantitative answers. In the future it will be necessary to manage the operation of the passenger security control system using multi-criteria evaluations of: capacity, effectiveness, passenger comfort. FUPSCA will be able to effectively support this process.

Telematic Support of Baggage Security Control at the Airport

A key element of baggage security control at the airport is a human - the security screener. He/she performs some of the tasks remotely, and is supported by the telematic system, making the x-ray baggage screening. The aim of this paper was to analyze the dependence of the number of errors on the experience and the frequency of virtual threat images projection (TIP). The study was based on measurements under real conditions at the Katowice-Pyrzowice International Airport. In the framework of this research two basic types of errors made by security screeners were identified. The results show that the number of errors is dependent from both the experience and the frequency of the stimulus, represented by TIP images. As a result, it was possible to determine the boundary level of experience that entitles security screener to independent work. Also the recommended frequency of threat images projections was determined.

Changes in System of Civil Aviation Protection

For several years, according to the doctrine that the ruling authorities are responsible for ensuring the security of the country, security checks at airports for international traffic was held the Border Guard, you can tell by the Airport Management, which includes the formation of protection - Inner Protection Service, which has the power the security checks and baggage in domestic traffic. It is the Border Guards protect our border checkpoints at airports, carrying out tasks such as the control of persons and luggage, examined formal permission to cross the border. Not without reason, but it uses the past tense when describing above. SG tasks. Well, 18.09.2011r. came into force the Aviation Law, which provides for the resignation of SG on the implementation of activities related to the control of security in favor of the Executive, which is in fact subordinate to him Airport Security Guard, leaving behind only here the powers of supervision.

Responsibilities of Airport Management in a Crisis Situation - Information Flow

This article focuses on the regulations pertaining to communication between airport services in situations which are regarded as being critical, in Poland. The risk of threat faced by airport staff and passengers using an airport result in the necessity of regulatory tools including laws regarding all aspects of aviation activities and operations, including (and perhaps first and foremost) safety. The present article aims to provide an outline of the problems and issues regarding ensuring safety eg. for passengers as well as allowing readers, who are also passengers, to understand controls put in place at an airport and enforced by airport services, which ostensibly ‘impede’ travel, are based on existing and binding laws, ensuring passengers safe carriage.