Poliana Francescatto

Apple Phenology in Subtropical Climate Conditions

There are two phases that characterize the annual cycle of apple (Malus domestica Borkh.): hibernal period (dormancy) and shoot growth. Temperature is the main factor related to dormancy, specifically low temperatures. The evolution of the apple phenological stages during the vegetative phase: induction and flower differentiation, budbreak, full bloom, fruit development and maturation, and yield and production quality, may be visually detected and are affected by climate conditions, mainly by temperature.

Comparative Programs for Arthropod, Disease and Weed Management in New York Organic Apples

Organic apple production in the eastern US is small and is mostly based on existing varieties, which are susceptible to scab, and rootstocks, which are susceptible to fire blight. This requires numerous sprays per year of various pesticides to produce acceptable fruit. From 2014 to 2016, we tested different arthropod, disease and weed management programs in an advanced tall spindle high-density production system that included disease-resistant cultivars and rootstocks, in an organic research planting of apples in Geneva, New York. Arthropod and disease management regimens were characterized as Advanced Organic, Minimal Organic, or Untreated Control. Results varied by year and variety, but, in general, the Advanced program was more effective than the Minimal program in preventing damage from internal-feeding Lepidoptera, plum curculio, and obliquebanded leafroller, and less effective than the Minimal program against damage by foliar insects. Both organic programs provided comparable control of sooty blotch, cedar apple rust, and fire blight, with some variability across cultivars and years. The advanced selection CC1009 and Modi seemed to possess complete resistance to cedar apple rust, while Pristine had partial resistance. For weed control, bark chip mulch, organic soap sprays, and limonene sprays tended to be most effective, while mechanical tillage and flame weeding had lower success.

Raleio químico de floração com complemento de pós floração na macieira grupo ‘gala’

O raleio quimico da macieira tem sido considerado como o metodo mais eficiente para realizar esta pratica, pois pode ser realizado no momento certo e em um curto periodo de tempo. Alem disso, essa pratica diminui os custos com mao de obra e traz efeitos positivos no retorno da floracao. Com a suspensao do registro do Carbaryl, novas alternativas foram desenvolvidas visando o raleio quimico da macieira em pos-floracao, destacando-se o ANA (Acido Naftaleno Acetico), o Promalin® e mais recentemente a Benziladenina (BA). O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a resposta da aplicacao de raleantes quimicos de floracao com complemento de pos-floracao, no raleio quimico da macieira do grupo ‘Gala’, tendo-se utilizado o clone ‘Lisgala’. O experimento foi conduzido em pomar comercial localizado no municipio de Cacador, SC (26°50’S; 50°58’W; 947 m acima do nivel do mar) na safra 2012/2013 e 2013/2014. Na ausencia do Carbaryl, os produtos Promalin® e Maxcel® sao alternativas no raleio quimico de macieiras do grupo ‘Gala’, os quais proporcionaram um efetivo raleio em floracao e pos floracao, promovendo o aumento na massa fresca media dos frutos.