Priscila da Silva Castro

Brain fatty acid profiles and spatial learning in malnourished rats: effects of nutritional intervention

Abstract The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of malnutrition and nutritional rehabilitation on learning and memory performance and brain fatty acid composition. Pregnant and lactating Wistar rats were either fed ad libitum on a commercial laboratory chow or a multideficient diet from north-eastern Brazil (regional basic diet; RBD). After weaning, RBD offspring either continued on the multideficient diet (malnourished group) or switched to a control diet (rehabilitated group), until day 70. There was no difference in the passive avoidance test among the experimental groups, but malnourished rats showed important deficits in performance of the Morris water maze which were improved in the rehabilitated group. The hippocampus and cerebellum of the malnourished rats showed important changes in fatty acid profile obtained by gas-liquid chromatography, but the rehabilitated group had decreased n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and an increase in the proportion of arachidonic acid. The data suggest that nutritional rehabilitation results in partial restoration of fatty acid profiles and cognitive performance.

Aderência às recomendações dietéticas do Institute of Medicine (Estados Unidos) e o seu efeito no peso durante a gestação

O objetivo do trabalho foi estimar o efeito que a aderencia as recomendacoes do Institute of Medicine (IOM) dos Estados Unidos acerca da ingestao de energia e/ou da composicao dos macronutrientes da dieta exercem no peso durante a gestacao. Trata-se de estudo prospectivo com tres pontos de observacao que incluiu 255 gestantes. A variavel dependente foi o peso aferido ao longo da gestacao e a independente a adequacao dietetica segundo as recomendacoes do IOM para ingestao de energia e macronutrientes, categorizada em ingestao adequada ou excessiva. As analises estatisticas foram realizadas com modelos de efeitos mistos para medidas repetidas. As gestantes com ingestao excessiva eram 3,59kg (EP = 0,92kg) mais leves na linha de base (p < 0,01). Em media, o peso das gestantes variou 1,83kg (EP = 0,40kg) por trimestre, mas as gestantes com ingestao excessiva apresentaram um aumento de peso superior de 1,70kg (EP = 0,43kg), no mesmo periodo quando comparadas as com ingestao adequada (p < 0,01). Mulheres que aderiram as recomendacoes de ingestao dietetica segundo o IOM aumentaram menos de peso durante a gestacao.The studys objective was to estimate the effect of adherence to dietary recommendations by the Institute of Medicine (IOM) concerning energy intake and/or macronutrient composition of diet on weight during pregnancy. This was a prospective study with observations at three time points, with a sample of 255 pregnant women. The dependent variable was gestational weight, and the independent variable was dietary adequacy according to IOM recommendations for energy and macronutrient intake, categorized as adequate versus excessive intake. Statistical analyses were performed using mixed effects models for repeated measures. Pregnant women with excessive intake were 3.59kg lighter at baseline (SE = 0.92kg; p < 0.01). On average, gestational weight varied by 1.83kg (SE = 0.40kg) per trimester, but pregnant women with excessive intake showed a higher weight increase of 1.70kg (SE = 0.43kg) during the same period as compared to women with adequate intake (p < 0.01). Women who adhered to IOM dietary recommendations gained less weight during pregnancy.

Influência da desnutrição promovida pela dieta básica regional sobre o perfil de ácidos graxos do leite materno, o crescimento e o desenvolvimento de ratos jovens

OBJETIVO: Avaliar os efeitos do consumo da Dieta Basica Regional e da reabilitacao nutricional, durante os periodos criticos de crescimento e desenvolvimento de ratos, sobre a evolucao da sua massa corporal e tecidual, bem como o consumo alimentar de maes durante a gestacao e lactacao e de seus filhotes, machos e femeas, ate 70 dias de vida. Adicionalmente, verificou-se o percentual dos acidos graxos nas dietas experimentais e no leite materno. METODOS: Foram utilizados ratos Wistar, de ambos os sexos. Apos a constatacao da prenhez, as ratas foram divididas em tres grupos. 1) Grupo controle, animais alimentados com racao comercial durante o periodo de gestacao e lactacao (maes e filhotes) e, apos o desmame, os filhotes ate 70 dias de vida; 2) Grupo desnutrido, animais alimentados com racao Dieta Basica Regional durante o mesmo periodo descrito para o grupo controle e 3) Grupo recuperado, animais alimentados com racao Dieta Basica Regional durante o periodo de gestacao e lactacao e os filhotes, apos o desmame, alimentados com racao comercial ate 70 dias de vida. Os animais foram monitorados diariamente, aferindo-se a massa corporal e o consumo alimentar. Os filhotes com 70 dias de vida foram sacrificados por decapitacao e o cerebro, o coracao, o figado e os rins foram retirados e pesados. Os animais receberam agua e racao ad libitum e foram mantidos em bioterio com temperatura e luminosidade controladas. Os testes estatisticos utilizados foram o teste t de Student, a Analise de Variância e o pos-teste de Bonferroni. RESULTADOS: Foram encontradas alteracoes importantes no percentual de acidos graxos essenciais na Dieta Basica Regional, assim como no leite materno das maes desnutridas. O ganho de peso das maes desnutridas e de seus respectivos filhotes, tanto machos quanto femeas, foi menor que o de animais controle desde a lactacao ate o final do experimento. As femeas recuperadas apresentaram valores de massa corporal estatisticamente semelhantes aos do grupo controle, o que nao foi observado nos filhotes machos do grupo recuperado. CONCLUSAO: O comprometimento da massa corporal materna durante a lactacao e o deficit na taxa de crescimento dos filhotes, machos e femeas, se deveram a ingestao da Dieta Basica Regional multideficiente. A diminuicao dos teores de acidos graxos especificos do leite materno poderia, ainda que nao completamente, justificar o deficit de crescimento observado.

Desafios da atenção à anorexia nervosa na adolescência: etnografia em serviço público de saúde no Rio de Janeiro, Brasil

Through anthropological, ethnographic research, this paper seeks to reflect on the dynamics of the daily functioning of a public health service specialized in the treatment of eating disorders, as well as on the process of illness experienced by adolescents who publicly face anorexia nervosa. The Eating Disorders Program observed in Rio de Janeiro provides both outpatient care and hospitalization. Fieldwork provided the knowledge about care provided to adolescents and their families, as well as the difficulties experienced by the multi-professional team. The closer coexistence of the researcher and health services facilitated the identification of the many challenges that permeate the health professional-user relationship, professional lack of motivation in the face of the complex disease, lack of qualification to treat adolescents, and other obstacles. We seek to stress the importance of this theme for the Brazilian Public Health, with the development of guidelines to orient health services, as well as public health policies that promote the establishment of programs, actions and activities aimed to give visibility and ensure rights for people with eating disorders in the country.

Adherence to dietary recommendations by the Institute of Medicine and the effect on body weight during pregnancy

O objetivo do trabalho foi estimar o efeito que a aderencia as recomendacoes do Institute of Medicine (IOM) dos Estados Unidos acerca da ingestao de energia e/ou da composicao dos macronutrientes da dieta exercem no peso durante a gestacao. Trata-se de estudo prospectivo com tres pontos de observacao que incluiu 255 gestantes. A variavel dependente foi o peso aferido ao longo da gestacao e a independente a adequacao dietetica segundo as recomendacoes do IOM para ingestao de energia e macronutrientes, categorizada em ingestao adequada ou excessiva. As analises estatisticas foram realizadas com modelos de efeitos mistos para medidas repetidas. As gestantes com ingestao excessiva eram 3,59kg (EP = 0,92kg) mais leves na linha de base (p < 0,01). Em media, o peso das gestantes variou 1,83kg (EP = 0,40kg) por trimestre, mas as gestantes com ingestao excessiva apresentaram um aumento de peso superior de 1,70kg (EP = 0,43kg), no mesmo periodo quando comparadas as com ingestao adequada (p < 0,01). Mulheres que aderiram as recomendacoes de ingestao dietetica segundo o IOM aumentaram menos de peso durante a gestacao.The studys objective was to estimate the effect of adherence to dietary recommendations by the Institute of Medicine (IOM) concerning energy intake and/or macronutrient composition of diet on weight during pregnancy. This was a prospective study with observations at three time points, with a sample of 255 pregnant women. The dependent variable was gestational weight, and the independent variable was dietary adequacy according to IOM recommendations for energy and macronutrient intake, categorized as adequate versus excessive intake. Statistical analyses were performed using mixed effects models for repeated measures. Pregnant women with excessive intake were 3.59kg lighter at baseline (SE = 0.92kg; p < 0.01). On average, gestational weight varied by 1.83kg (SE = 0.40kg) per trimester, but pregnant women with excessive intake showed a higher weight increase of 1.70kg (SE = 0.43kg) during the same period as compared to women with adequate intake (p < 0.01). Women who adhered to IOM dietary recommendations gained less weight during pregnancy.

Adhesión a las recomendaciones dietéticas del Institute of Medicine (Estados Unidos) y su efecto en el peso durante la gestación

O objetivo do trabalho foi estimar o efeito que a aderencia as recomendacoes do Institute of Medicine (IOM) dos Estados Unidos acerca da ingestao de energia e/ou da composicao dos macronutrientes da dieta exercem no peso durante a gestacao. Trata-se de estudo prospectivo com tres pontos de observacao que incluiu 255 gestantes. A variavel dependente foi o peso aferido ao longo da gestacao e a independente a adequacao dietetica segundo as recomendacoes do IOM para ingestao de energia e macronutrientes, categorizada em ingestao adequada ou excessiva. As analises estatisticas foram realizadas com modelos de efeitos mistos para medidas repetidas. As gestantes com ingestao excessiva eram 3,59kg (EP = 0,92kg) mais leves na linha de base (p < 0,01). Em media, o peso das gestantes variou 1,83kg (EP = 0,40kg) por trimestre, mas as gestantes com ingestao excessiva apresentaram um aumento de peso superior de 1,70kg (EP = 0,43kg), no mesmo periodo quando comparadas as com ingestao adequada (p < 0,01). Mulheres que aderiram as recomendacoes de ingestao dietetica segundo o IOM aumentaram menos de peso durante a gestacao.The studys objective was to estimate the effect of adherence to dietary recommendations by the Institute of Medicine (IOM) concerning energy intake and/or macronutrient composition of diet on weight during pregnancy. This was a prospective study with observations at three time points, with a sample of 255 pregnant women. The dependent variable was gestational weight, and the independent variable was dietary adequacy according to IOM recommendations for energy and macronutrient intake, categorized as adequate versus excessive intake. Statistical analyses were performed using mixed effects models for repeated measures. Pregnant women with excessive intake were 3.59kg lighter at baseline (SE = 0.92kg; p < 0.01). On average, gestational weight varied by 1.83kg (SE = 0.40kg) per trimester, but pregnant women with excessive intake showed a higher weight increase of 1.70kg (SE = 0.43kg) during the same period as compared to women with adequate intake (p < 0.01). Women who adhered to IOM dietary recommendations gained less weight during pregnancy.