Priscila Zlotowski

Aspectos clínicos e patológicos da intoxicação por Sida carpinifolia (Malvaceae) em caprinos no Rio Grande do Sul

This report includes the clinical and pathological studies of a lysosomal storage disease which spontaneously occurred in three flocs of goats e after consumption of Sida carpinifolia, the predominant plant in the paddocks where the animals were grazing. In the outbreaks a total of 25 out of 51 animals were affected. Post-mortem examination was performed on 11 goats. The disease was experimentally induced by dosing goats with Sida carpinifolia. The plant was administered in natura or dried to 3 animals. No clinical or pathological changes were observed in one goat dosed with Sida rhombifolia ad libidum during 40 days. Clinical signs of the poisoning were ataxia, hypermetria, muscle tremors in the head and neck and disorders of deglutition. The clinical signs were exacerbated by movement. After the surviving animals had been moved to other pastures and stopped eating the plant, clinical signs were still observed during 24 months. At necropsy, no significant gross lesions were observed. Microscopic lesions included various degrees of vacuolization in the cytoplasm of neurons and glial cells. Similar lesions were observed in the acinar pancreatic cells, hepatocytes, proximal convoluted tubular cells, follicular epithelial cells of the thyroid gland and macrophages of lymph nodes. In the surviving animals, mild neuronal cytoplasmic vacuolization was observed, and few cells were eosinophilic and shrunken. In these cases neurons, especially Purkinje cells, had disappeared. Through the histochemical study of the cerebellar sections, the lysosomal storage disease was characterized as an alpha-mannosidosis. The vacuoles within the Purkinje cells strongly reacted with lectins of Concanavalia ensiformis, Triticum vulgaris and succinylated Triticum vulgaris. The pattern observed in this investigation is similar to those seen in other poisonings by swainsonine-containing plants.

Intestinal lesions in pigs affected with postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome.

Samples of mesenteric lymph nodes and intestines from 79 unthrifty 3- to 5-month-old postweaning pigs, confirmed as naturally affected with postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS), were studied. Pigs originated from 12 farms in southern Brazil and were selected on the basis of clinical signs and/or gross lesions suggestive of enteric disorder. Lymphohistiocytic infiltrates of varying intensity were associated with anti-porcine circovirus type 2 (anti-PCV2) immunostaining (IS) in samples of intestines and mesenteric lymph nodes from all pigs. Although most findings were similar to those described in PCV2-associated enteritis, anti-PCV2 IS in association with depletion of the goblet cell mucin stores (24 pigs), diffuse ileal villous atrophy and fusion (18 pigs), and dilatation of the lymphatic vessels (11 pigs) combined or not with lymphangitis were also observed. PCV2 antigen was immunohistochemically demonstrated in the cytoplasm and nuclei from intralesional epithelial cells, histiocytes, and endothelial-like cells in intestinal tissues. Together these findings imply an association with PCV2. The presence of co-infections by Lawsonia intracellularis, Brachyspira spp., Mycobacterium spp., Salmonella spp., rotavirus, parvovirus, coronavirus and enteric calicivirus with PCV2 in the intestinal lesions was investigated.

Senecio brasiliensis (Asteraceae) poisoning in Murrah buffaloes in Rio Grande do Sul 1

Descreve-se a ocorrencia de um surto de intoxicacao espontânea por Senecio brasiliensis em bufalos Murrah (Bubalus bubalis) em uma propriedade localizada no municipio de Nova Prata, Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, no periodo de junho a agosto de 2006. De um total de 90 bufalos, 13 adoeceram e 11 morreram. Os animais eram mantidos em areas de pastoreio altamente infestadas por S. brasiliensis. Os principais sinais clinicos relatados foram letargia, apatia, emagrecimento progressivo, diarreia e decubito permanente. Necropsia foi feita em dois dos 11 animais mortos. As lesoes foram caracteristicas de intoxicacoes por alcaloides pirrolizidinicos. A grande quantidade da planta, forte estiagem e desnutricao consequente foram os principais achados epidemiologicos associados com a mortalidade.

Immunohistochemistry for detection of avian infectious bronchitis virus strain M41 in the proventriculus and nervous system of experimentally infected chicken embryos

BackgroundInfectious bronchitis virus primarily induces a disease of the respiratory system, different IBV strains may show variable tissue tropisms and also affect the oviduct and the kidneys. Proventriculitis was also associated with some new IBV strains. Aim of this study was to investigate by immunohistochemistry (IHC) the tissue tropism of avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) strain M41 in experimentally infected chicken embryos.ResultsTo this end chicken embryos were inoculated in the allantoic sac with 103 EID50 of IBV M41 at 10 days of age. At 48, 72, and 120 h postinoculation (PI), embryos and chorioallantoic membranes (CAM) were sampled, fixed, and paraffin-wax embedded. Allantoic fluid was also collected and titrated in chicken embryo kidney cells (CEK). The sensitivity of IHC in detecting IBV antigens in the CAM of inoculated eggs matched the virus reisolation and detection in CEK. Using IHC, antigens of IBV were detected in nasal epithelium, trachea, lung, spleen, myocardial vasculature, liver, gastrointestinal tract, kidney, skin, sclera of the eye, spinal cord, as well as in brain neurons of the inoculated embryos. These results were consistent with virus isolation and denote the wide tissue tropism of IBV M41 in the chicken embryo. Most importantly, we found infection of vasculature and smooth muscle of the proventriculus which has not seen before with IBV strain M41.ConclusionIHC can be an additional useful tool for diagnosis of IBV infection in chickens and allows further studies to foster a deeper understanding of the pathogenesis of infections with IBV strains of different virulence. Moreover, these results underline that embryonic tissues in addition to CAM could be also used as possible source to generate IBV antigens for diagnostic purposes.

Surto de aflatoxicose em suínos no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul

An outbreak of aflatoxicosis in a swine herd, which occurred in fall 2004 in the county of Sentinela do Sul, RS, is described. The corn, which contained the micotoxin and has been used to feed the animals, was produced and processed on the farm. Seven sows and 8 growing pigs died, and 2 cases of abortion were reported. The clinical signs observed were apathy, anorexia, icterus, yellowish urine stained with blood, and photosensitization. Gamma glutamyltransferase and total bilirubin were elevated in the 4 pigs on which post-mortem examination was done. The main macroscopic findings were generalized icterus, an orange-yellow liver, edema of the gall bladder wall and yellowish effusion in the abdominal and pericardial cavities. The most important microscopic changes were found in the liver and included tumefaction, degeneration and individual necrosis of the parenchyme, with ductal proliferation and cholestasis. The diagnosis was based on the clinical signs, macroscopic and histological findings and on the high levels of B1 aflatoxin found in the corn and ration.

Postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome in farmed wild boars (Sus scrofa) in Rio Grande do Sul

This report concerns an outbreak of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome in wild boars from commercial herds in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The main clinical signs were progressive wasting, respiratory distress, diarrhea, and ocular discharges. Enhanced lymph nodes and spleens, ascites, hydrothorax, and non collapsed lungs were the principal gross lesions. Varying degrees of lymphohistiocytic infiltrates in lymph nodes, spleen, and intestines were the most significant microscopic changes. Although a total of 26 animals had showed clinical and pathological findings consistent with the disease, only in 11 of them it was possible to confirm a PMWS diagnosis through the association of specific lesions in lymphoid tissues with the presence of the viral antigen detected by immunohistochemistry. These findings were similar to those reported in the swine disease.

Necrotic enterocolitis in pigs naturally infected by porcine circovirus type 2

Samples of intestine with necrotic enteritis from 63 pigs naturally infected with porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) were studied. Colon was the main target of PCV2 associated necrotic enteritis in 60 cases. Immunohistological investigations were carried out to detect the presence of PCV2 in necrotic lesions and to identify the type of cells infected by the virus. Crypt epithelial cells had positive labelling for PCV2 in 17 cases. Depletion of goblet cells occurred in 10 cases. In 24 necrotic enteritis cases, co-infection of PCV2 and Salmonella was identified. An increased rate of apoptosis in the crypt epithelial cells of the large intestine from PCV2 of naturally infected pigs was observed. Immunohistochemical findings confirmed the presence of PCV2 within cells from necrotic intestinal tissue, suggesting that PCV2 may play a role in the development of those lesions. Diagnosis of necrotic enteritis associated with PCV2 should be based on the detection of PCV2 antigen or DNA in the necrotizing lesions. However, bacteriological examination should be performed to rule out the presence of bacterial agents, since co-infections are likely to occur in PCV2 affected pigs.

Paralysis in pigs with spinal cord injury due to porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV-2) infection

Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV-2) is the causative agent of a number of diseases and syndromes. Of these, postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) is the most extensively studied, with the main lesions occurring in lymphoid tissues, although a number of other tissues can also be affected. Unthriftiness, respiratory distress and diarrhoea are frequently reported clinical signs. Neurological signs associated with lesions in the CNS are, however, uncommonly reported (Segales 2012). This report describes the occurrence of marked spinal cord injury in pigs associated with PCV-2 infection. The condition was observed in two finishing herds in southern Brazil composed of 400 pigs each. Clinical signs observed were staggering gait and paraparesis progressing to paralysis and permanent lateral decubitus. Death occurred within one day after recumbency due to acute bacterial pneumonia. Six 100-day-old to 120-day-old pigs displayed these clinical signs, four in one herd and two in the other. Postmortem examination was performed in two of these animals, one from each herd. The main necropsy findings were detected in the spinal cord, accompanied …

Surto de intoxicação por sal em suínos em Santa Catarina

A total of 70 pigs were affected and died due to salt poisoning in two farms in southern Brazil. The only source of drinking water available to the pigs was whey from cheese salting process. One day after receiving the whey, animals started getting sick and showed excessive salivation, opisthotonus, paddling, and cyclic tremors. At necropsy of three pigs, two of them presented flattening of gyri and the other one presented cortical telencephalon edema. Microscopically, severe diffuse neuronal necrosis in telencephalic laminar cortex, Alzheimer type II astrocytes (AIIA), eosinophilic and lymphocytic perivascular cuffing apart of perivascular edema were observed. Weak or absent anti-glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) immunolabeling was associated with positive immunostaining for S-100 in AIIA cytoplasm. Concentration of sodium in serum and liquor samples from dead pigs resulted 140 and 156mmol/L, respectively.

Enteritis associated with Lawsonia intracellularis and porcine circovirus type 2 infection in wild boars in Southern Brazil

In a commercial herd of 1250 wild boars, 56 animals were affected by anorexia, diarrhea, and wasting. Enlargement of mesenteric lymph nodes, thickening of ileal wall, and a white-yellowish ileal content were observed in two of the four animals necropsied. Microscopically, ileal crypts showed epithelial hyperplasia, moderate decrease in goblet cell density, lymphohistiocytic infiltrate in the lamina propria, and moderate depletion with histiocytic infiltrate in Peyers patches. Curved rod-shaped organisms within the apical cytoplasm of enterocytes were observed in both Warthin-Starry and Lawsonia intracellularis-immunostained sections. PCV2 antigen was observed in ileal Peyers patches of 3 wild pigs. Trichuris suis nematodes were found in the cecum of the four wild pigs. This report describes clinicopathological findings in cases of enteritis associated with Lawsonia intracellularis and PCV2 infection in a commercial herd of wild boars.