Probir Kumar Bose

Effect of diethyl ether and ethanol on performance, combustion, and emission of single-cylinder compression ignition engine

The effect of diesel, ethanol, and diethyl ether (DEE) blends on performance, combustion, and emission of a 3.6 kW single-cylinder compression ignition engine is investigated in this paper. The experiments were conducted using different percentages of ethanol and DEE in diesel. The fuel samples selected for experimentation included neat diesel fuel, 5% DEE (D95DEE5), 10% DEE (D90DEE10), 5% DEE with 5% ethanol (D90DEE5E5), 5% DEE with 10% ethanol (D85DEE5E10), 10% DEE with 5% ethanol (D85DEE10E5), and 10% DEE with 10% ethanol (D80DEE10E10). It was found that 5% DEE can improve the brake thermal efficiency (ηbth), but the same decreased with 10% DEE in the blend. However, ethanol addition to both the blends produced an appreciable increase in ηbth of the engine. The diesel–DEE–ethanol blends were also more efficient in reducing emissions of carbon monoxide (CO), oxides of nitrogen (NOx), hydrocarbon (HC), and particulate matter (PM). Among all the blends tested in this study, it was found that the D80DEE10E10 blend can produce optimum performance-emission characteristics with improved thermal efficiency and reduced emission of NOx, CO, HC, and PM.

An experimental study of performance and emission parameters of a compression ignition engine fueled by different blends of Diesel-Ethanol-biodiesel

The effects of different ethanol-diesel blended fuels on the performance and emissions of diesel engines have been evaluated experimentally and compared in this paper. After series of miscibility tests, it was found that ethanol is not miscible in diesel beyond 10% concentration. In order to increase its miscibility, Pongamia piñata methyl ester (PPME), popularly known as biodiesel was added as an amphiphilic agent. Different concentrations of ethanol and biodiesel produced different blends from which 4 blends were chosen for engine testing. The results indicated that biodiesel inclusion in the blends increased the brake thermal efficiency and reduced the fuel consumption of the engine. The study of emission parameters also showed that diesel ethanol blends reduced NOx and CO2 emission but increased hydrocarbon emission with elevated exhaust smoke opacity. It was also noticed that biodiesel inclusion in the blends reduced hydrocarbon emission, reduced exhaust smoke opacity with the penalties of simultaneous increase in NOx and CO2 emission.

Response Surface Methodology Based Multi-objective Optimization of the Performance-Emission Profile of a CI Engine Running on Ethanol in Blends with Diesel

The present study is aimed at optimizing the effect of ethanol-diesel blends on the performance and emission characteristics of a single cylinder (indirect injection) four-stroke diesel engine at different loads. Hexane was used as a co-solvent for higher ethanol concentration while Diethyl ether (DEE) was added as an ignition improver. D-optimal was chosen as the Design of experiment methodology. Quadratic polynomial models were constructed for the desired emission-performance parameters based on experimental data through the Response Surface Methodology NOx, CO and HC were chosen as the emission output parameters while BSFC. Load and ethanol-hexane-DEE concentration in the diesel blend were chosen as the input parameters. Multi-objective optimization involving the objective of minimizing both the emission and BSFC simultaneously yielded an optimal input condition of 5% hexane and 15% DEE in blend with 40% ethanol and diesel at 95% full load operation with 15.3% absolute error in NOx, 17.1% in HC, 1.69% in CO and 3.4% in BSFC estimation with respect to actual experimental values at the calibrated test condition predicted through RSM model optimization.

Electrical Properties of and Conduction Mechanism in Ultrathin ZrO2 Films on Si1-yCy Heterolayers

Ultrathin ZrO2 films with a dielectric constant of 20 have been deposited at 150°C on carbon-implanted solid phase epitaxy (SPE)-grown Si1-yCy heterolayers by microwave plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) using zirconium tetra-tert-butoxide. The SPE-grown Si1-yCy heterolayers and deposited ZrO2 films have been analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) for chemical analysis. The fixed oxide charge density (Qf/q) and interfacial trap density (Dit) of as-deposited ZrO2 films are found to be 2.6×1011 cm-2 and 5.6×1011 eV-1cm-2, respectively. The gate current of the ZrO2 layers is found to decrease after 400°C annealing in N2 for 30 min. The main conduction mechanism is dominated by Schottky emission in the ZrO2 films deposited on Si1-yCy layers.