Purnomo Suryantoro

Bacteria, parasitic agents and rotaviruses associated with acute diarrhoea in hospital in-patient Indonesian children

Faeces from children (aged from one month to 12 years) with acute diarrhoea admitted to hospital in Yogyakarta, Indonesia, from June 1978 to June 1979, were examined for the presence of enteric pathogens. One or more recognized enteropathogens were identified in 56% of children. Rotaviruses were identified in 38% of all children. Toxigenic coliforms (predominantly Escherichia coli) were isolated from 12% of children. Salmonella sp. (6%), Shigella sp. (4%) and enteropathogenic parasites (predominantly Trichuris trichiura) from 3.5% of children. Mixed infections with two or more enteric pathogens were found in 7.6% of children. The incidence rate of each pathogen was correlated with age of the child, socio-economic level of the family and duration of breast feeding. Toxigenic coliforms were equally common in all age groups from both well-to-do and poor families. Enteropathogenic parasites appeared in increasing frequency with age. They were more common in artificially fed children and in children from families of low socio-economic level. The occurrence of multiple infection with mixtures of enteric pathogens increased with increasing age. Mixtures of parasites and other enteric pathogens only occurred in children with acute diarrhoea. These results provide baseline data about the relative importance of different enteropathogens in Indonesian children.

Twenty seven nucleotide deletion within exon 11 of the erythrocyte band 3 gene in Indonesian ovalocytosis

SummaryWe here report the molecular characterization of an Indonesian ovalocytosis. The analysis of genomic gene by polymerase chain reaction shows that the individual has two amplified products from a region encompassing exon 11 of the erythrocyte band 3 gene. The sequence of the larger product matched completely with that of normal individuals. In the sequence of the smaller product, 27 nucleotides within exon 11 disappeared. The deletion removes a total of nine amino acids in the boundary of cytoplasmic and membrane domains of band 3 protein, a membrane anion transporter protein. This is the first report to confirm the heterogeneous presence of an altered membrane band 3 protein in Indonesian ovalocytosis.

Correlation between nosocomial pneumonia and ventilated patients in pediatric intensive care unit

Background NP (NP) especially YAP (ventilator-associated pneu- monia) is the most common infection in intensive care unit, which correlates with the increasing of morbidity and mortality. There are some risk factors for development ofNP, the most important one is duration of mechanical ventilator and reintubation. Objective To determine the correlation between NP and use of mechanical ventilator in pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). Methods A matched case control study was conducted at Dr. Sardjito Hospital on all patients admitted to the PICU from 2004 until 2006. Case group was defined as all patients who had NP; age and sex matched control group included all patients not diagnosed as NP. Statistical analysis was done by using chi-square and t-tests as appropriate. Logistic regression analysis was done to determine the role of risk factors. Results One-hundred and forty-one patients were included in this study. The incidence of NP was 25. 7%. There was associa- tion between using mechanical ventilator (OR 1.08; 95%CI 1.07; 8.20, P=0.036) and duration of using mechanical ventilator more than four days (OR 1.75, 95%CI 1.87;18.02) with development of NP. There was a significant difference in event free survival of NP between those using mechanical ventilator group and those not using mechanical ventilator group (P<O.OOl). Conclusion There is an association between the use of mechani- cal ventilator and duration of use of mechanical ventilator more than four days with the development of NP