Purugula Venkanna

Ultrasonic and Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of β-Nitro Styrenes and Nitro Phenols with Tertiary Butyl Nitrite under Acid-Free Conditions

Abstract Tertiary butyl nitrite (TBN) is an acid-free and safe nitrating agent that provides preferentially β-nitrostyrenes with cinnamic acids and corresponding nitro derivatives with phenols in good yields under classical conditions. However, ultrasonic and microwave-assisted reactions reduced the reaction times substantially and enhanced the yields from good to excellent. Supplemental materials are available for this article. Go to the publishers online edition of Synthetic Communications® to view the free supplemental file. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

Oxalylchloride/DMF as an Efficient Reagent for Nitration of Aromatic Compounds and Nitro Decarboxylation of Cinnamic Acids in Presence of KNO3 or NaNO2 Under Conventional and Nonconventional Conditions

Nitration of aromatic compounds and cinnamic acids with oxalylchloride/DMF afforded the corresponding nitro derivatives in the presence of KNO3 or NaNO2 under conventional and nonconventional (ultrasonic and microwave) conditions. The present methodology offers several benefits such as excellent yields, simple work-up procedure, and short reaction times. The yields obtained under present methodology are comparable with those obtained from (POCl3/DMF/KNO3 or NaNO2) and (SOCl2/DMF/KNO3 or NaNO2) systems followed by shorter reaction times. The reaction times of sonication and microwave conditions are very shorter than those of the conventional conditions.

Trichloroisocynuric Acid/DMF as Efficient Reagent for Chlorodehydration of Alcohols Under Conventional and Ultrasonic Conditions

A new and efficient method for the chlorodehydration of alcohols utilizing TCCA/DMF is described. Various alcohols can be converted smoothly into their corresponding alkyl chlorides in high yields under mild conditions with short reaction times.

Ultrasonic and microwave effects in polyethylene glycol-bound metal nitrate initiated nitration of aromatic compounds under acid free conditions

ABSTRACT Ultrasonic and microwave-assisted practical methods have been developed for the nitration of phenols using metal nitrates in aqueous polyethylene glycol (PEG) media. Solvent is recycled three times for reproducibility. It was recycled with minimum loss and decomposition. Developed protocols were cost effective, simple and efficient, which afforded nitration products in good to excellent yields. The observed hyperchromic/hypochromic shifts in the UV/VIS spectra of metal nitrates in PEG solutions could be due to the plausible in situ formation of “PEG-bound M(II) nitrate” and thereby the release of nitronium ion () during the course of reaction when metal nitrate [M(II)nitrate] is added to PEG. Nitronium thus formed most likely is captured by aromatic compound to afforded nitro aromatics.

Silica-supported perchloric acid and potassium bisulfate as reusable green catalysts for nitration of aromatics under solvent-free microwave conditions

ABSTRACT Silica-supported perchloric acid and bisulfate (SiO2/HClO4 and SiO2/KHSO4) have been developed as reusable green catalysts for nitration of aromatic compounds using NaNO2 in acetonitrile medium under conventional and solvent-free microwave conditions. The reaction times under microwave irradiation are significantly shorter than conventional method even though the yields obtained in microwave-assisted reactions are comparable with those obtained under reflux conditions. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

Ultrasonically Assisted Decarboxylative Bromination of α,β-Unsaturated Carboxylic Acids Under Vilsmeier-Haack Conditions

An efficient method for decarboxylative bromination of cinnamic acids (α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acids or 3-arylpropenoic acids) was achieved under relatively mild conditions using Vilsmeier-Haack reagent and KBr in acetonitrile media. Vilsmeier-Haack reagent is prepared by using 1:1 ratio of oxychloride (SOCl2 or POCl3) and DMF under chilled condition. Ultrasonically assisted reactions underwent smoothly with highly significant rate enhancements and afforded bromostyrenes as products in very good yields even though the reactions were too sluggish.

Ultrasonically Assisted Rate Enhancements in Trichloroisocyanuric Acid/DMF/NaNO2 Triggered Nitration of Aromatic Compounds and Decarboxylative Nitration of α,β-Unsaturated Acids

Abstract An efficient and safe method for nitration of aromatic compounds and decarboxylative nitration of α,β-unsaturated acids was developed using trichloroisocyanuric acid (TCICA)/dimethylformamide (DMF) in the presence of NaNO2. The reaction times of conventional protocol reduced from 8–10 h to 1.0–1.5 h (60–90 min) under sonication, even though the yields are comparable under both the conditions. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT