Qasim Ali Arain

GEO matching regions: multiple regions of interests using content based image retrieval based on relative locations

Information retrieval systems are getting more attention in the era of multimedia technologies such as an image, video, audio and text files. The large numbers of images are challenges in computer systems field to store, manage data effectively and efficiently. The shape retrieval feature of different objects in the image also remains a difficult problem due to distinct angle view of different objects in a scene only; few studies have reported solution to the problem of finding relative locations of ROIs. In this paper, we proposed three methods such as1. Geolocation-based image retrieval (GLBIR), 2.Unsupervised feature technique Principal component analysis (PCA) and 3.multiple region-based image retrieval. The first proposed (GLBIR) method identifies geo location an image using visual attention based mechanism and its color layout descriptors. These features are extracted from geo-location of query image from Flickr database. Our proposed model does not fully semantic understanding of image content, uses visual metrics for example; the proximity ,color contrast, size and nearness to image’s boundaries to locate viewer’s attention. We analyzed results and compared with state of art CBIR Systems and GLBIR Technique. Our second method to refine images exploiting and fusing by unsupervised feature technique using principal component analysis (PCA). The visually similar images clustering together with analyses image retrieval process and remove outliers initially retrieved image set by PCA. To evaluation our proposed approach, we used thousands of images downloaded from Flickr and CIFAR-10 databases using Flickr public API. Finally, we determinately proposed a system for image retrieval based on region. It provides a user interface for availing to designate the watershed ROI within an input image. During the retrieval of images, regions’ feature vectors having codes of region homogeneous to a region of input image are utilized for comparison. Standard datasets are used for evaluation of proposed approach. The experiment demonstrates and effectiveness of the proposed method to achieve higher annotation performance increases accuracy and reduces image retrieval time. We evaluated our proposed approach on images dataset from Flickr and CIFAR-10.

Clustering Based Energy Efficient and Communication Protocol for Multiple Mix-Zones Over Road Networks

The collection of information is one of the most crucial processes in many internet-enabled applications for multiple mix-zones over road networks. It is essential to use road networks for prolonged time duration in an energy efficient manner. However, network life time increases in response of reducing the stability period (i.e. time required before first node dies).The stability period reduces due to the high energy variance of nodes. In this paper, we present a protocol named as clustering based energy efficient and communication protocol (CEECP) for multiple mix-zones over road networks, which is proposed to reduce the loop holes of prevailing clustering protocols. Additionally, we present a novel CEECP for chain scenario to connect with the road side units for gaining benefits of V2V as well as, V2I communication for Cooperative Traffic Information Systems. The stability period is responsible to preserve coverage properties of the network. It analysis that as the stability period increases, the trustworthiness of the network increases. Hence, it is indispensable to articulate a clustering protocol that shall be energy efficient, low energy variant and of high stability. It has been proved that our scheme outperforms SEECP and VBN as well as, includes its variants with respect to stability period and energy variance.

Search me if you can: Multiple mix zones with location privacy protection for mapping services

Summary The mobile vehicle is gaining popularity nowadays using map services like Google Maps and other mapping services. However, map services users have to expose sensitive information like geographic locations (GPS coordinates) or address to personal privacy concerns as users share their locations and queries to obtain desired services. Existing mix zones location privacy protection methods are most general purposed and theoretical value while not applicable when applied to provide location privacy for map service users. In this paper, we present new (multiple mix zones location privacy protection) MMLPP method specially designed for map services on mobile vehicles over the road network. This method enables mobile vehicle users to query a route between 2 endpoints on the map, without revealing any confidential location and queries information. The basic idea is to strategically endpoints to nearby ones, such that (1) the semantic meanings encoded in these endpoints (eg, their GPS coordinates) change much, ie, location privacy is protected; (2) the routes returned by map services little change, ie, services usability are maintained. Specifically, a mobile client first privately retrieves point of interest close to the original endpoints, and then selects 2 points of interest as the shifted endpoints satisfying the property of geoindistinguishability. We evaluate our MMLPP approach road network application for GTMobiSim on different scales of map services and conduct experiments with real traces. Results show that MMLPP strikes a good balance between location privacy and service usability.

Privacy Preserving Dynamic Pseudonym-Based Multiple Mix-Zones Authentication Protocol over Road Networks

In this paper, we propose an efficient dynamic pseudonymous based multiple mix-zones authentication protocol for privacy preservation to enhance security over road networks. Most of the existing protocols either utilize pseudonym based approaches with certificate revocation list that cause significant communicational and storage overhead or they use group signature based approaches, which are computationally expensive. In this paper, we present a dynamic pseudonymous based multiple mix-zones authentication protocol that only requires mobile vehicles to communicate with reported server for registration and dynamic pseudonym change. Furthermore, we formulate a mechanism to provide users with dynamic pseudonyms named as; base pseudonyms and short time pseudonyms, to achieve users’ privacy. Finally, we analyze our protocol by determining the communication cost as well as various attack scenarios to prove that our approach is most efficient and robust as compared to existing techniques.

Intelligent travel information platform based on location base services to predict user travel behavior from user-generated GPS traces

Abstract In recent past, social networking has received great attention and millions of geo tagged photos are placed online on different social networks websites like flicker, Facebook and Instagram. According to this, people used to share their photos and share their travel experience over social media. However, photos themselves has a lot of hidden information to share like position, time etc. We presented a new technique related to location travel for tourist by looking on to their time and preference needs. We used to acquire its preference based on his or her past time in one city and based on this information recommend another city. We executed certain experiments to support our technique and acquire data-set from publically available flicker database. Simulation results have revealed that our travel recommendation system has been devised according to user needs and outperformed other previous travel and recommendation methods.

Efficient User Based Authentication Protocol for Location Based Services Discovery Over Road Networks

In road network, the decision accuracy of event message under location privacy-enhanced scheme, fast forwarding falsification message, and collusion attacks are all knotty problems that arise in event trust management. In this paper, we proposed protocol verification to check vehicles activity in privacy manner. We proposed a new method to adjusted vehicles speed which reduces the vehicle delay suffers from network gap problem. We established privacy preserving authentication protocol to verify vehicle activities in the term of privacy preserving manner. Vehicles moving trend, velocity differences, and distance differences are taken into consideration so, to maintain as many common users as possible to reduce the cost. The cost analysis and performance evaluation indicate that our frame-work can reduced cost factor and achieve good performance. The proposed model achieved reliably and efficiently with packet rate information. The evaluation experiments based on NS-3 to our improve user’s authenticated key establishment protocol has comparatively shorter time response, reduce cost, less packet lost information and enhanced privacy preservation compared with existing methods.

Privacy protection with dynamic pseudonym-based multiple mix-zones over road networks

In this research we proposed a strategy for location privacy protection which addresses the issues related with existing location privacy protection techniques. Mix-Zones and pseudonyms are considered as the basic building blocks for location privacy; however, continuously changing pseudonyms process at multiple locations can enhance user privacy. It has been revealed that changing pseudonym at improper time and location may threat to user’s privacy. Moreover, certain methods related to pseudonym change have been proposed to attain desirable location privacy and most of these solutions are based upon velocity, GPS position and direction of angle. We analyzed existing methods related to location privacy with mix zones, such as RPCLP, EPCS and MODP, where it has been observed that these methods are not adequate to attain desired level of location privacy and suffered from large number of pseudonym changes. By analyzing limitations of existing methods, we proposed Dynamic Pseudonym based multiple mix zone (DPMM) technique, which ensures highest level of accuracy and privacy. We simulate our data by using SUMO application and analysis results has revealed that DPMM outperformed existing pseudonym change techniques and achieved better results in terms of acquiring high privacy with small number of pseudonym change.

Map Services Based on Multiple Mix-zones with Location Privacy Protection over Road Network

The evolution of technological era has marked the expansion of using map services (Google map, Baidu map etc.) in mobile vehicles over road networks. This is also accompanied by a threat to user’s personal information disclosure like geographic locations (GPS coordinates) or addresses as users share their locations and queries to obtain desired services. It is observed that existing techniques proposing methods for mix-zones location privacy protection are unfeasible to implement when applied to provide location privacy for map service users. In this paper, a comprehensive method for multiple mix-zones location privacy protection (MMLPP) is specially designed for map services on mobile vehicles over road networks. This method enables mobile vehicle users to query a route between two endpoints on the map, without revealing any sensitive location and queries information. The basic idea is to strategically endpoint to nearby ones, such that: (1) the semantic meanings encoded in these endpoints (e.g., their GPS coordinates) change much, i.e., location privacy is protected; (2) the routes returned by map services change little, i.e., services usability are maintained. Specifically, a mobile client first privately retrieves point of interests (POIs) close to the original endpoints, and then selects two POIs as the shifted endpoints satisfying the property of Geo-Indistinguishability. We evaluate our MMLPP approach road network application by GTMobiSim on different scales of map services, and conduct experiments with real traces. The results show that MMLPP strikes a good balance between location privacy and service usability.

Location monitoring approach: multiple mix-zones with location privacy protection based on traffic flow over road networks

Nowadays communication by using mobile vehicle getting popularity and user experience map services like Google maps to reach at the destination. It is also clear that map services user have to reveal important information like GPS coordinates or some other personal information during this process. According to current mix-zones privacy techniques, it is revealed that, these methods are much generalized and cannot be applied to secure map services users. In this paper, we have given a novel MMLPP technique, which is specifically constructed for map services users over road network. According to this, mobile vehicle’s users to ask a path among two end points defined on the map, however not to disclose secret location and query statistics. The main concept is to place end points in such a way that, they must be near to each other, alternatively: 1) Actual statistics defined inside these end points (like GPS coordinates) must not be altered i.e. location privacy ensured. 2) The path reverted by the map services change a little, i.e. service usability must be ensured. We can re-iterate in such a way that, firstly , a mobile client extract point of interest , that is close to original end points, and then finally consider two POIs considered as shifted end points which satisfy the condition of Geo-Indistinguishability. We analyzed MMLPP technique for road network application for GTMobiSim on multiple scales of map services and experiments are conducted using real traces. It has been revealed that MMLPP has outperformed all other techniques and shows balance among location privacy and service usability.

Location Privacy with Dynamic Pseudonym-Based Multiple Mix-Zones Generation over Road Networks

According to the recent studies, application related with safety associated with road networks must need verification of entities and messages. However, security of road network users like vehicles and drivers needs to be dealt with. Unique identity like pen names and certificates might get useful to ensure security. Pseudonym names and the special certificates are being considered as the basic building blocks to ensure security requirements for road networks. Nevertheless, apart from the seen advantages, road network communication might also generate certain privacy issues by giving opportunity to invader to track vehicles. One and for most basic technique is to solve this issue by means of using pen names by the vehicles and alter them time to time. Since executing the procedure of changing pen names has to increase overhead. By looking at such type of limitations, our given technique will produce top privacy level for the road network users by using dynamic pseudonyms based multiple mix zones scenario. This pseudonym based procedure will base upon vehicle’s acceleration, heading and displacement to execute dynamic pseudonym alteration. We have performed simulation by applying SUMO simulator. After having a detailed comparison with the current pseudonym change techniques, it has been verified that our given technique has shown enhanced performance in terms of acquiring top level privacy rate having few numbers of pseudonyms alteration; broad level of simulations and analysis has been elaborated the efficiency of the given technique.