Qiang Qiang Liao

Electrochemical and XPS studies of alkyl imidazoline on the corrosion inhibition of carbon steel in citric acid solution

Abstract The corrosion inhibition behavior of an imidazoline derivative, namely, 2-undecyl-N-carboxymethyl-N-hydroxyethyl imidazoline (UHCI) for carbon steel in 4 wt.% citric acid solutions was characterized by weight loss method and electrochemical techniques in conjunction with X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS) technique. The inhibitor has a good anti-corrosion effect on the carbon steel in 4 wt.% citric acid solutions. The inhibition efficiency increases with UHCI concentrations from 0 up to 0.4 wt.%, yet declines a bit at 0.6 wt.% per contra with further augmentation of concentration. The inhibition efficiency declines with the rise of temperature from 20°C to 95°C, while it rises with the extension of soaking time from 2 h to 24 h. Two N1s peaks that appeared in XPS spectra give proof of UHCI inhibitor adsorbed on the carbon steel surface.

Cost-Benefit Analysis Model of Single and Hybrid Energy Storage System in Active Distribution Network

The active distribution network is an effective approach to solve the problem such as the high penetration of intermittent renewable energy. This paper constructs single and hybrid energy storage battery systems in the active distribution network, calculates the economic benefits of the single and hybrid energy storage systems from six aspects in annual electricity sale revenue, ancillary revenue, investment cost, maintenance cost, landed cost and power shortage punishment cost. Take the lithium iron phosphate battery as single system, the lithium iron phosphate battery and Lithium titanate battery as the hybrid system to compute the cost benefit. The results show that the storage systems have effects to the intermittent renewable energy in peak shaving. Since the hybrid energy storage system can obtain more annual ancillary revenue, and the batteries’ work life is longer, it has more advantage in economic benefits than the single energy storage system.

Technical and Economic Analysis on Grid-Connected Wind Farm Based on Hybrid Energy Storage System for Active Distribution Network

Active distribution network with energy storage system is an important outlet for a mass of distributed renewable energy connected to the grid. In this context, a hybrid energy storage system is proposed based on NaS battery and lithium ion battery, that the former is the main large scale energy storage technology world-widely used and developed and the latter is a flexible way to have both power and energy capacities. The hybrid energy storage system, which takes advantage of the two complementary technologies to provide large power and energy capacities, is chosen to do an evaluation of economical-environmental based on critical excess electricity production (CEEP), CO2 emission, annual total costs calculated on the specific given condition using Energy PLAN software. The result shows that hybrid storage system has strengths in environmental benefits and also can absorb more discarded wind power than single storage system and is a potential way to push forward the application of wind power and even other types of renewable energy resources.

Dithiocarbamate Derivative as an Efficient Inhibitor for Copper

The corrosion inhibition behaviors for the self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of ammonium pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate（APDTC） on the copper surface in HCl and NaCl solutions had been investigated by polarization curve, respectively. Prone to be adsorbed on the copper surface, the APDTC SAMs restrain both anodic oxidation and cathodic reduction process. The results indicated that APDTC SAMs had good corrosion inhibition effects on copper in both HCl and NaCl solutions.