Qin Xuemei

Correlation between the Flavor and Quality of Radix Astragali: The Extraction and Characterization of Lipoxygenase in Radix Astragali

Abstract Lipoxygenase (LOX) is a key biotic factor producing the bean flavor in Radix Astragali. LOX was studied through spectro-photometry and Linolic acid. Extraction samples and detection methods were developed to investigate a range of biotic and abiotic factors, including the temperature, metal ion, chelate and age, and to evaluate the LOX activity of Radix Astragali. The results showed that LOX exists in the Radix Astragali grown in the Hunyuan County of Shanxi Province, China. Radix Astragali was ground into fine powder using liquid nitrogen, followed by being soaked for 1 h in the borate buffer. LOX crude extracts were obtained through centrifugation at 4000 r/min for 10 min at 4°C. LOX crude extracts and the substrate solution were mixed at a ratio ranging from 1:10 to 1:3 when the LOX activity was detected at a wavelength of 236 nm. The results also suggested that the enzyme could be stable for 15 min at the temperature from 0°C to 50°C, but the enzymes rapidly became inactivated after 2 min at 70°C. The enzymes were activated by Fe 3+ , Fe 2+ and Ca 2+ , but inhibited by Zn 2+ , Mg 2+ and tartaric acid. The Radix Astragali plants of 5 years old had the highest LOX activity, suggesting that LOX activity was associated with the growth age. The findings were useful for further study of the mechanism of producing the bean flavor in Radix Astragali and for searching for authentic growing sites.

基于UHPLC-Q Extractive轨道阱高分辨质谱的款冬花、叶的化学比较

款冬花是中医临床常用药材，具有止咳化痰作用。款冬叶也具有相似的药理作用。对款冬叶和花进行系统的化学比较，有助于进一步促进款冬叶的资源利用。本研究采用高分辨液质联用技术对款冬花和叶进行了化学比较，采用靶标和非靶标结合的指认策略鉴定化学成分43种，进一步分析显示款冬酮、款冬花素酯等倍半萜类物质在花中的含量远远高于叶，而绿原酸、异绿原酸等苯丙素类物质在叶中的含量高于花蕾; 黄酮类物质金丝桃苷、槲皮素在款冬花和叶中含量接近，而芦丁、山柰酚在款冬花中含量较高。说明款冬花和叶含有相似的化学成分，但款冬叶中以绿原酸类为代表的苯丙素类成分含量较高，而这类成分与止咳化痰作用密切相关。本研究为款冬叶的资源利用奠定了基础。

基于UHPLC-MS/MS代谢组学技术的不同采收期黄芩质量比较研究

黄芩的质量与采收期有着密切的关系。本文以一年生和两年生的不同采收期黄芩为研究对象，采用UHPLC-MS/MS代谢组学手段检测其化学成分种类和含量的动态变化，寻找且指认不同采收期的差异代谢物并分析其含量变化，最后进行差异代谢物间的相关性分析。结果显示，不同采收期的黄芩化学成分存在明显差异，并呈现规律性的变化。据此，若以黄芩素等黄酮苷元类成分为目标成分，则建议采收时间为5月；若以黄芩苷等黄酮苷类成分为目标成分，则建议最佳采收时间在7~8月。因此，基于UHPLC-MS/MS的植物代谢组学方法可用于不同采收期黄芩的化学成分分析，为黄芩药材确定最佳采收期提供参考，也为现有中药材质量评价方法提供一种新的思路。

基于 1 H-NMR代谢组学的黄芩素干预 D -半乳糖致衰老大鼠作用研究

目的采用1H-NMR代谢组学方法，探讨黄芩素对D-半乳糖致衰老模型大鼠的干预作用。 方法采用sc D-半乳糖（150 mg/kg）致大鼠衰老模型，考察黄芩素（50、100、200 mg/kg）对衰老大鼠自主活动能力的影响。造模10周后采集大鼠血清进行1H-NMR检测，结合多元统计分析探讨黄芩素的抗衰老作用。 结果黄芩素能显著提高衰老大鼠的自主活动能力。与对照组相比，模型组大鼠血清中丙氨酸、醋酸、丙酮酸、酪氨酸、N-乙酰糖蛋白水平升高，而谷氨酰胺、二甲基甘氨酸、甘氨酸、苏氨酸、肌酐、组氨酸水平降低，给予黄芩素后能不同程度回调这11种潜在的生物标志物。 结论黄芩素可能通过调控氨基酸代谢、核苷酸代谢和糖代谢等途径延缓衰老。

Metabolomics coupled with similarity analysis advances the elucidation of the cold/hot properties of traditional Chinese medicines

It recently becomes an important and urgent mission for modern scientific research to identify and explain the theory of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), which has been utilized in China for more than four millennia. Since few works have been contributed to understanding the TCM theory, the mechanism of actions of drugs with cold/hot properties remains unclear. In the present study, six kinds of typical herbs with cold or hot properties were orally administered into mice, and serum and liver samples were analyzed using an untargeted nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) based metabolomics approach coupled with similarity analysis. This approach was performed to identify and quantify changes in metabolic pathways to elucidate drug actions on the treated mice. Our results showed that those drugs with same property exerted similar effects on the metabolic alterations in mouse serum and liver samples, while drugs with different property showed different effects. The effects of herbal medicines with cold/hot properties were exerted by regulating the pathways linked to glycometabolism, lipid metabolism, amino acids metabolism and other metabolic pathways. The results elucidated the differences and similarities of drugs with cold/hot properties, providing useful information on the explanation of medicinal properties of these TCMs.

基于 1 H-NMR代谢组学的黄芩醇提物延长果蝇寿命研究

目的 研究黄芩醇提物对果蝇寿命的影响,探索黄芩干预果蝇衰老过程中代谢物组的变化规律。 方法 用含有不同质量浓度(0.1、1.0、5.0、10.0 g/L)的黄芩醇提物培养基喂养黑腹果蝇,以普通培养基作为对照,观察其对果蝇寿命的影响。分别采集对照组3 d、30 d以及黄芩醇提物(1.0、5.0 g/L)组30 d的果蝇样本进行1H-NMR检测,采用代谢组学技术及多元统计分析方法研究果蝇组织内源性代谢产物的变化。 结果 黄芩醇提物1.0、5.0 g/L能够显著延长雌性果蝇的平均寿命和最高寿命,黄芩醇提物5.0 g/L能显著延长雄性果蝇的平均寿命和最高寿命,并且可以显著升高30 d龄果蝇中异亮氨酸、缬氨酸、醋酸、谷氨酰胺、半胱氨酸、苯丙氨酸、甘氨酸和琥珀酸的量,降低乳酸和葡萄糖的量。 结论 黄芩醇提物能够干预机体氨基酸代谢、能量代谢等而起到延缓衰老的作用。代谢组学方法为进一步研究黄芩醇提物延缓衰老的作用机制提供了科学的依据。