Qiuhui Zhang

Effects of laser plasma on damage in optical glass induced by pulsed lasers

Abstract. Laser-induced plasma can expedite the deposition of incident laser energy and the laser-induced damage in optical glass is considerably affected by the magnitude and distribution of the plasma shock wave. The spatial distribution of energy deposition and expansion pressure of the laser plasma shock wave is analyzed based on the moving breakdown model. Furthermore, damage morphologies are discussed in light of the spatial distribution of pressure and glass properties. It was found that with the increase of laser pulse energy, the shock wave expands rapidly in the direction opposite to the incident laser, resulting in that the damage morphologies transform from sphere to spindle gradually. The laser energy deposits mostly in a narrow plasma channel. The diffusion of the plasma with high temperature and pressure leads to the shock wave; the intensity of which decreases sharply with the axial distance from the centerline. As a consequence, the glass near the centerline fractures and melts, and the refractive index also changes near the end of cracks.

Synchronous multicentric osteosarcoma involving mandible and maxillas

Synchronous multicentric osteosarcoma (SMO) is rare with fewer than 100 well-documented cases in the medical literature. SMO affecting the jaw is even rarer with only three cases involving the mandible having been reported. SMO in the maxilla has not been previously reported. The authors report the first case of SMO involving both mandible and maxilla in an 18-year-old girl. The clinical course, radiological and histological appearance of the lesion indicated it was an SMO rather than metastasis arising from a single osteosarcoma. This case could be regarded as powerful evidence to support the multicentric theory related to SMO.

The characteristics of Ta2O5 films deposited by radio frequency pure oxygen ion assisted deposition (RFOIAD) technology

The characteristics of Ta2O5 films deposited by radio frequency pure oxygen ion assisted deposition (RFOIAD) technology were compared to a gas mixture of oxygen and argon (O2/Ar) ion beam assisted deposition experimentally and theoretically, inclusive of optical, electronic, and laser-induced damage resistance. The results showed that the RFOIAD could make removal of the pinholes and oxygen vacancies in the film and increase of the band gap, which resulted in the enhancement of refractive index, breakdown voltage, and the diminution of absorptivity as well as leakage current. The laser induced damage testing suggested that the damage induced damage threshold of the film deposited by RFOIAD could be increased, but the cracks appeared easily due to the concentration of thermal stress. While for the Ta2O5 film deposited using a sputtering gas of the mixtures of oxygen and argon, the porous characteristics were helpful to relief the thermal stress concentration, and the formation of cracks can be avoided.

Thermodynamic damage mechanism of Ni/Cr film on neutral density filter by 1064-nm pulsed laser

Abstract. We investigate the damage characteristics and mechanism of neutral density filters consisting of metal film on K9 glass substrate by 1064-nm pulsed laser. The damage morphologies present marked differences with different laser pulse energies. Specifically, with the increase of laser fluence, the damage pits density increase as well, and at the same time, the cracks appear around the pits and interconnect, which lead to the abscission of film. The damage mechanism has been studied from the viewpoint of embedded impurities in the film. The theoretical results show that the difference between the thermodynamic properties of impurities and film can lead to thermos-elastic stress, which plays important roles in deformation of film, nucleation and propagation of cracks. Last, methods have been proposed to improve the laser damage resistance by controlling the size distribution of impurity particles and increasing the film tensile strength.