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Frontiers in Microbiology | 2015

Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Shigella flexneri serotype 2 variant in China

Xianyan Cui; Jian Wang; Chaojie Yang; Beibei Liang; Qiuxia Ma; Shengjie Yi; Hao Li; Hongbo Liu; Peng Li; Zhihao Wu; Jing Xie; Leili Jia; Rongzhang Hao; Ligui Wang; Yuejin Hua; Shaofu Qiu; Hongbin Song

Shigella flexneri serotype 2 variant (II:3,4,7,8) was isolated in 2008 and first reported in China in 2013. In the present study, epidemiological surveillance from 2003 to 2013 in China suggested that this serotype first appeared in Guangxi in 2003; it then emerged in Shanghai and Xinjiang in 2004 and in Henan in 2008. Of the 1813 S. flexneri isolates, 58 S. flexneri serotype 2 variant strains were identified. Serotype 2 variant has emerged as a prominent serotype in recent years, with 2a (32.6%), X variant (25.2%), 1a (9.4%), X (6.3%), 2b (5.4%), and 1b (3.6%). According to phenotypic and genotypic analysis, the serotype 2 variant originated from 2a to 2b. A higher antibiotic resistance rate was observed between 2009 and 2013 than that between 2003 and 2008. Among 22 cephalosporin-resistant isolates, blaTEM-1, blaOXA-1, blaCTX-3, blaCTX-14, and blaCTX-79 were detected. Among 22 fluoroquinolone-resistant isolates, a Ser80Ile mutation in parC was present in all of the isolates. Moreover, 21 isolates had three gyrA point mutations (Ser83Leu, His211Tyr, Asp87Asn, or Gly) and one isolate had two gyrA point mutations (Ser83Leu and His211Tyr). The prevalence of His211Tyr in the fluoroquinolone-resistant isolates is concerning, and the mutation was first reported in China. Besides, 22 isolates harbored the aac(6′)-Ib-cr gene, and two isolates harbored qnrS1. In view of the increased epidemic frequency and multidrug-resistant strain emergence, continuous surveillance will be needed to understand the actual disease burden and provide guidance for shigellosis.


Applied and Environmental Microbiology | 2018

Transferable Plasmid-Borne mcr-1 in a Colistin-Resistant Shigella flexneri Isolate

Beibei Liang; Adam P. Roberts; Xuebin Xu; Chaojie Yang; Xiaoxia Yang; Jinyan Wang; Shengjie Yi; Yongrui Li; Qiuxia Ma; Fuli Wu; Shaofu Qiu; Hongbin Song

ABSTRACT Since the initial discovery of mcr-1 in an Escherichia coli isolate from China, the gene has also been detected in Klebsiella pneumoniae and Salmonella enterica but is rarely reported in other Enterobacteriaceae. Here, we report the isolation and identification of a Shigella flexneri strain harboring mcr-1 from stool samples in a pig farm in China from 2009. The MIC of colistin for the isolate is 4 μg/ml. Conjugation assays showed that the donor S. flexneri strain has functional and transferable colistin resistance. Sequencing revealed that mcr-1 was present on a putative composite transposon flanked by inverted repeats of ISApl1. IMPORTANCE There are four species of Shigella, and Shigella flexneri is the most frequently isolated species in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). In this study, we report a functional, transferable, plasmid-mediated mcr-1 gene in S. flexneri. We have shown that mcr-1 is located on a novel composite transposon which is flanked by inverted repeats of ISApl1. The host strain is multidrug resistant, and this multidrug resistance is also transferable. The finding of a functional mcr-1 gene in S. flexneri, a human-associated Enterobacteriaceae family member, is a cause for concern as infections due to S. flexneri are the main Shigella infections in most low- and middle-income countries.


Scientific Reports | 2016

Molecular characterization and analysis of high-level multidrug-resistance of Shigella flexneri serotype 4s strains from China.

Chaojie Yang; Peng Li; Xiujuan Zhang; Qiuxia Ma; Xianyan Cui; Hao Li; Hongbo Liu; Jian Wang; Jing Xie; Fuli Wu; Chunyu Sheng; Xinying Du; Lihua Qi; Wenli Su; Leili Jia; Xuebin Xu; Jiayong Zhao; Shengli Xia; Na Zhou; Hui Ma; Shaofu Qiu; Hongbin Song

To conduct the first comprehensive analysis of Shigella flexneri serotype 4s, a novel serotype found in 2010, we identified 24 serotype 4s isolates from 1973 shigellosis cases in China (2002–2014). The isolates were characterized by single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) phylogenetic analysis, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) to determine their genetic relatedness, and analysed further for their antimicrobial susceptibilities and antimicrobial resistance determinants. The PFGE and SNP phylogenetic analyses suggest that S. flexneri serotype 4s strains are derived from multiple serotypes, including two predominant serotypes in China: serotype X variant and serotype II. Three new sequence types were identified by MLST. All isolates were resistant to ticarcillin, ampicillin and tetracycline, with high-level resistance to third-generation cephalosporins. Notably, all the isolates were multidrug resistant (MDR), with the highest levels of resistance observed for eight antimicrobials classes. Most isolates contain various antimicrobial resistance determinants. In conclusion, we found that serotype 4s isolates have multiple evolutionary sources, diverse biochemical characteristics and genomes, and highly prevalent multidrug resistance and antimicrobial-resistant determinants. With few clinical treatment options, continuous monitoring and timely intervention against this emerging MDR serotype is essential. The possibility that serotype 4s will become the next predominant serotype exists.


Frontiers in Microbiology | 2017

Antimicrobial Resistance of Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium in Shanghai, China

Jinyan Wang; Yongrui Li; Xuebin Xu; Beibei Liang; Fuli Wu; Xiaoxia Yang; Qiuxia Ma; Chaojie Yang; Xiaofeng Hu; Hongbo Liu; Hao Li; Chunyu Sheng; Jing Xie; Xinying Du; Rongzhang Hao; Shaofu Qiu; Hongbin Song

We aimed to analyze the antimicrobial resistance phenotypes and to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying resistance to cephalosporins, ciprofloxacin, and azithromycin in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium isolates identified from patients with diarrhea in Shanghai. The isolates showed high rates of resistance to traditional antimicrobials, and 20.6, 12.7, and 5.5% of them exhibited decreased susceptibility to cephalosporins, ciprofloxacin, and azithromycin, respectively. Notably, 473 (84.6%) isolates exhibited multidrug resistance (MDR), including 161 (28.8%) isolates that showed an ACSSuT profile. Twenty-two MDR isolates concurrently exhibited decreased susceptibility to cephalosporins and ciprofloxacin, and six of them were co-resistant to azithromycin. Of all the 71 isolates with decreased susceptibility to ciprofloxacin, 65 showed at least one mutation (D87Y, D87N, or D87G) in gyrA, among which seven isolates simultaneously had mutations of parC (S80R) (n = 6) or parC (T57S/S80R) (n = 1), while 49 isolates with either zero or one mutation in gyrA contained plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes including qnrB, qnrS, and aac(6′)-Ib-cr. Among the 115 cephalosporin-resistant isolates, the most common ESBL gene was blaCTX-M, followed by blaTEM-1, blaOXA-1, and blaSHV -12. Eight subtypes of blaCTX-M were identified and blaCTX-M-14 (n = 22) and blaCTX-M-55 (n = 31) were found to be dominant. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of the presence of blaCTX-M-123 and blaCTX-M-125 in S. Typhimurium. Besides, mphA gene was identified in 15 of the 31 azithromycin-resistant isolates. Among the 22 isolates with reduced susceptibility to cephalosporins and ciprofloxacin, 15 contained ESBL and PMQR genes. Coexistence of these genes lead to the emergence of MDR and the transmission of them will pose great difficulties in S. Typhimurium treatments. Therefore, surveillance for these MDR isolates should be enhanced.


Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology | 2017

Analysis of miRNAs Involved in Mouse Brain Damage upon Enterovirus 71 Infection

Xiaoxia Yang; Jing Xie; Leili Jia; Nan Liu; Yuan Liang; Fuli Wu; Beibei Liang; Yongrui Li; Jinyan Wang; Chunyu Sheng; Hao Li; Hongbo Liu; Qiuxia Ma; Chaojie Yang; Xinying Du; Shaofu Qiu; Hongbin Song

Enterovirus 71 (EV71) infects the central nervous system (CNS) and causes brainstem encephalitis in children. MiRNAs have been found to play various functions in EV71 infection in human cell lines. To identify potential miRNAs involved in the inflammatory injury in CNS, our study, for the first time, performed a miRNA microarray assay in vivo using EV71 infected mice brains. Twenty differentially expressed miRNAs were identified (four up- and 16 down-regulated) and confirmed by qRT-PCR. The target genes of these miRNAs were analyzed using KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) analysis, revealing that the miRNAs were mainly involved in the regulation of inflammation and neural system function. MiR-150-5p, -3082-5p, -3473a, -468-3p, -669n, -721, -709, and -5107-5p that regulate MAPK and chemokine signaling were all down-regulated, which might result in increased cytokine production. In addition, miR-3473a could also regulate focal adhesion and leukocyte trans-endothelial migration, suggesting a role in virus-induced blood-brain barrier disruption. The miRNAs and pathways identified in this study could help to understand the intricate interactions between EV71 and the brain injury, offering new insight for the future research of the molecular mechanism of EV71 induced brainstem encephalitis.


PLOS ONE | 2016

Molecular Characterization of Salmonella enterica Serovar Aberdeen Negative for H2S Production in China

Fuli Wu; Xuebin Xu; Jing Xie; Shengjie Yi; Jian Wang; Xiaoxia Yang; Chaojie Yang; Beibei Liang; Qiuxia Ma; Hao Li; Hongbin Song; Shaofu Qiu

Salmonella enterica infections continue to be a significant burden on public health worldwide. The ability of S. enterica to produce hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is an important phenotypic characteristic used to screen and identify Salmonella with selective medium; however, H2S-negative Salmonella have recently emerged. In this study, the H2S phenotype of Salmonella isolates was confirmed, and the selected isolates were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing and molecular identification by multilocus sequence typing, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR) analysis. The phs genetic operon was also analyzed. A total of 160 S. enterica serovar Aberdeen isolates were detected between 2005 and 2013 in China. Of them, seven non-H2S-producing isolates were detected. Notably, four samples yielded four pairs of isolates with different H2S phenotypes, simultaneously. The data demonstrated that H2S-negative isolates were genetically closely related to H2S-positive isolates. Three new spacers (Abe1, Abe2, and Abe3) were identified in CRISPR locus 1 in four pairs of isolates with different H2S phenotypes from the same samples. Sequence analysis revealed a new nonsense mutation at position 208 in the phsA gene of all non-H2S-producing isolates. Additionally, we describe a new screening procedure to avoid H2S-negative Salmonella, which would normally be overlooked during laboratory and hospital screening. The prevalence of this pathogen may be underestimated; therefore, it is important to focus on improving surveillance of this organism to control its spread.


Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease | 2015

Emergence of ONPG-negative Shigella sonnei in Shanghai, China

Jian Wang; Shaofu Qiu; Xuebin Xu; Wenli Su; Peng Li; Beibei Liang; Qiuxia Ma; Chaojie Yang; Lihua Qi; Hao Li; Shengjie Yi; Zhihao Wu; Ligui Wang; Rongzhang Hao; Hongbin Song; Yansong Sun

Shigella sonnei has become predominant species causing shigellosis in Shanghai. Two hundred ninety-three S. sonnei were isolated in sentinel hospitals of Shanghai in 2011. We found an emergence of 8 strains of S. sonnei with negative phenotype for o-nitrophenyl-β-d-galactopyranoside in late August, which showed distinct pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns from the other 285 S. sonnei and had genes deletion in lac and mhp operons.


BMC Infectious Diseases | 2018

Antibiotic resistance and molecular characterization of the hydrogen sulfide-negative phenotype among diverse Salmonella serovars in China.

Jing Xie; Fuli Wu; Xuebin Xu; Xiaoxia Yang; Rongtao Zhao; Qiuxia Ma; Peng Li; Ligui Wang; Rongzhang Hao; Leiji Jia; Xinying Du; Shaofu Qiu; Hongbin Song

BackgroundAmong 2179 Salmonella isolates obtained during national surveillance for salmonellosis in China from 2005 to 2013, we identified 46 non-H2S-producing strains originating from different sources.MethodsThe isolates were characterized in terms of antibiotic resistance and genetic variability by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and multilocus sequence typing. Mutation in the phs operon, which may account for the non-H2S-producing phenotype of the isolated Salmonella strains, was performed in this study.ResultsAmong isolated non-H2S-producing Salmonella strains, more than 50% were recovered from diarrhea patients, of which H2S-negative S. Gallinarum, S. Typhimurium, S. Choleraesuis and S. Paratyphi A isolates constituted 76%. H2S-negative isolates exhibited a high rate of resistance to ticarcillin, ampicillin, and tetracycline, and eight of them had the multidrug resistance phenotype. Most H2S-negative Salmonella isolates had similar pulsed-field gel electrophoresis profiles and the same sequence type as H2S-positive strains, indicating a close origin, but carried mutations in the phsA gene, which may account for the non-H2S-producing phenotype.ConclusionsOur data indicate that multiple H2S-negative strains have emerged and persist in China, emphasizing the necessity to implement efficient surveillance measures for controlling dissemination of these atypical Salmonella strains.


PLOS ONE | 2017

An outbreak of acute respiratory disease caused by a virus associated RNA II gene mutation strain of human adenovirus 7 in China, 2015.

Xiaoxia Yang; Qiongshu Wang; Beibei Liang; Fuli Wu; Hao Li; Hongbo Liu; Chunyu Sheng; Qiuxia Ma; Chaojie Yang; Jing Xie; Peng Li; Leili Jia; Ligui Wang; Xinying Du; Shaofu Qiu; Hongbin Song

Human adenovirus 7 (HAdV-7) strains are a major cause of acute respiratory disease (ARD) among adults and children, associated with fatal pneumonia. An ARD outbreak caused by HAdV-7 that involved 739 college students was reported in this article. To better understand the underlying cause of this large-scale epidemic, virus strains were isolated from infected patients and sequence variations of the whole genome sequence were detected. Evolutionary trees and alignment results indicated that the major capsid protein genes hexon and fibre were strongly conserved among serotype 7 strains in China at that time. Instead, the HAdV-7 strains presented three thymine deletions in the virus associated RNA (VA RNA) II terminal region. We also found that the mutation might lead to increased mRNA expression of an adjacent gene, L1 52/55K, and thus promoted faster growth. These findings suggest that sequence variation of VA RNA II gene was a potential cause of such a severe HAdV-7 infection and this gene should be a new-emerging factor to be monitored for better understanding of HAdV-7 infection.


Acta physiologica Sinica | 2002

[Attenuation of chronic stress-induced hippocampal damages following physical exercise].

Qiuxia Ma; Wang J; Liu Ht; Chao Fh

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Hongbin Song

Academy of Military Medical Sciences

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Shaofu Qiu

Academy of Military Medical Sciences

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Chaojie Yang

Academy of Military Medical Sciences

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Beibei Liang

Academy of Military Medical Sciences

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Fuli Wu

Academy of Military Medical Sciences

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Hao Li

Academy of Military Medical Sciences

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Jing Xie

Academy of Military Medical Sciences

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Xiaoxia Yang

Academy of Military Medical Sciences

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Xuebin Xu

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

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Hongbo Liu

Academy of Military Medical Sciences

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