Quan Lv

CARD9S12N facilitates the production of IL-5 by alveolar macrophages for the induction of type 2 immune responses

The adaptor CARD9 functions downstream of C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) for the sensing of microbial infection, which leads to responses by the TH1 and TH17 subsets of helper T cells. The single-nucleotide polymorphism rs4077515 at CARD9 in the human genome, which results in the substitution S12N (CARD9S12N), is associated with several autoimmune diseases. However, the function of CARD9S12N has remained unknown. Here we generated CARD9S12N knock-in mice and found that CARD9S12N facilitated the induction of type 2 immune responses after engagement of CLRs. Mechanistically, CARD9S12N mediated CLR-induced activation of the non-canonical transcription factor NF-κB subunit RelB, which initiated production of the cytokine IL-5 in alveolar macrophages for the recruitment of eosinophils to drive TH2 cell–mediated allergic responses. We identified the homozygous CARD9 mutation encoding S12N in patients with allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis and revealed activation of RelB and production of IL-5 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from these patients. Our study provides genetic and functional evidence demonstrating that CARD9S12N can turn alveolar macrophages into IL-5-producing cells and facilitates TH2 cell–mediated pathologic responses.CARD9 serves as an adaptor for C-type lectin receptor signaling. Xin Lin and colleagues show that CARD9 inhibits RelB-mediated IL-5 expression. The CARD9S12N mutant, prevalent in humans, cannot interact with RelB and promotes enhanced allergic responses to fungal pathogens.

A Conception of Application Epoxy Asphalt Mixture on Airport Pavement

In this paper, theoretical basis and feasibility of implement of utilizing epoxy asphalt in airport pavement construction are analyzed on the purpose of choosing a satisfying material. Afterwards, we tested the high-temperature and fatigue performance of the mixture which is a major concern during airport pavement design , and the results show that the performance of the epoxy asphalt mixture is very excellent compared to conventional asphalt mixture. At the end of this paper the author put forward the problems to be solved and studied of to promote the application of epoxy asphalt mixture.

Influence of polymer and sulphur dosages on attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared upon Styrene–Butadiene–Styrene-modified asphalt

Attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) is a promising alternative to conventional transmission-FTIR. However, previous research has found that on evaluating the Styrene–Butadiene–Styrene-modified asphalt (SBSMA), ATR-FTIR and transmission-FTIR tend to have different conclusions. Due to the surface sensitivity of ATR-FTIR and varying morphology of SBSMA, ATR-FTIR may yield abnormal SBS infrared peak intensity growth upon aged SBSMA samples. In this paper, to further investigate how different SBS and sulphur dosages will influence the ATR-FTIR observation, conventional SBSMA (4.5%) and highly modified SBSMA (7.5%) were characterised using FTIR and fluorescence microscopy. It was found different SBS/sulphur dosages, and the application of laboratory ageing could notably vary the SBSMA morphology and therefore influence the obtained SBSMA infrared spectra. This phenomenon was more pronounced for highly modified SBSMA (7.5%) which had larger polymer particles.