R. C. V. Martins-Da-Silva

O gênero Copaifera (Leguminosae - Caesalpinioideae) na Amazônia brasileira

(Estudos taxonomicos da tribo Tecomeae (Bignoniaceae) no Parque Nacional do Itatiaia, Brasil) Este trabalho tem como objetivo um estudo taxonomico da tribo Tecomeae (Bignoniaceae) no Parque Nacional do Itatiaia. O Parque esta localizado na Regiao Sudeste do Brasil e apresenta ampla variacao do gradiente altitudinal e por consequencia grande diversificacao de formacoes vegetacionais, caracterizando-se como uma area de grande diversidade biologica. A tribo Tecomeae esta representada na area por 13 especies, distribuidas em quatro generos: Tabebuia com seis especies, Jacaranda com cinco especies, Cybstax e Sparattosperma, ambos com uma especie. Sao apresentadas chaves para identificacao dos taxons, descricoes, ilustracoes e comentarios sobre distribuicao geografica.

Chemical Variability of Copaifera reticulataDucke Oleoresin

The copaiba tree (Copaifera spp.) produces an oleoresin which is highly valued due to its medicinal properties. The chemical composition of C. reticulata oleoresin was characterized, and its variability related to seasonal variation (dry and rainy seasons), to successive extractions, and to several factors associated with tree morphometry, disease, and surrounding vegetation structure was investigated. Oleoresin was collected from 24 C. reticulata individuals between October 2006 and March 2008. For seven individuals, oleoresin was extracted for a second time between three and nine months after the first extraction. For each tree, several morphometric variables, viz., the presence of termites, vines, and holes as well as the soil type and surrounding vegetation structure, were recorded. The chemical composition and concentration of the main volatile compounds were identified by GC/MS. Almost 100% of the constituents were sesquiterpenes, the three main ones being β‐caryophyllene, trans‐α‐bergamotene, and β‐bisabolene. A classification analysis separated the C. reticulata individuals in two main groups and further divided one of the main groups in two subgroups, which were defined by different concentrations of the three main compounds. The results showed high intra‐population variability in the composition and concentration of sesquiterpenes, this being comparable to the interspecific variability. It was not possible to determine a clear influence of environmental, morphometrical, and structural factors on the oleoresin composition, although some compounds varied according to the soil type, the volume of oleoresin extracted, and the crown surface.

Seasonal Variation in the Volatiles of Copaifera duckei Dwyer Growing Wild in the State of Pará—Brazil

Abstract The oleoresins of three trees of Copaifera duckei Dwyer were harvested from September 2003 at one-month intervals up to September 2004, and the volatiles examined by GC-FID and GC/MS. The highest oleoresin harvested from Sample A occurred at October 2003 to May 2004 (in the later dry season to early rainy season); the highest oleoresin harvested from Sample B occurred at September and October 2003 (in the later dry season), and from Sample C in June (in the later rainy season). The percentage of the major volatiles of the oleoresin of Samples A and C (Sample A: β-caryophyllene, trans-α-bergamotene, β-selinene and β-bisabolene; Sample C: β-caryophyllene and β-bisabolene) changes in a minor extent during the seasons. However, appreciable changes were observed from the percentage of β-caryophyllene and β-bisabolene in the Sample B. In the same way, appreciable changes were observed on the amount of oleoresin harvested: Sample A: 10 mL to 500 mL, Sample B: zero to 3000 mL, Sample C: zero to 70 mL. In conclusion, for the all samples of C. duckei studied here, we observed considerably changes in the amount of oleoresin harvested. Nevertheless, the percentage of the main components of Samples A and C were not affected in a great extent. Contrary, the Sample B, the percentage of the major compounds changes considerably during seasons.

Volatiles of Oleoresins of Copaifera paupera (Herzog) Dwyer C. piresii Dwyer and C. pubiflora Benth. (Leguminosae)

Abstract The oleoresins of Copaifera paupera, C. piresii and C. pubiflora were examined by GC-FID and GC/MS. The oleoresins of C. paupera and C. piresii were characterized by a high percentage of α-copaene (42.5% and 45.5%), followed by β-caryophyllene (14.1% and 10.3%) and δ-cadinene (10.4% and 13.7%, respectively). The oleoresin of C. pubiflora was dominated by β-caryophyllene (65.9%).

Chemical Variation in the Volatiles of Copaifera reticulata Ducke (Leguminosae) Growing Wild in the States of Pará and Amapá, Brazil

Abstract The oleoresins of 12 trees of Copaifera reticulata growing wild in the States of Pará and Amapá were examined by GC-FID and GC/MS. The majority oleoresins from Pará possessed high amounts of β-bisabolene (18.4–42.4%) and trans-α-bergamotene (11.8–29.6%). The oleoresins from Amapá were rich in β-caryophyllene (27.8–68.0%), β-selinene (0.2–20.6%) and β-bisabolene (3.7–17.8%). The results showed a high variation in the composition of the components of the oleoresins of C. reticulata.

Família Scenedesmaceae (Chlorophyceae, Chlorococcales) do lago Água Preta, município de Belém, Estado do Pará

An inventory of the Scenedesmaceae was made in lake Agua Preta. This lake is the main component of the water reservoir of Belem, in Para State. The inventory was based on four samples collected, during one year, from October 1992 to August 1993. The Scenedesmaceae family is represented by 15 taxa: Crucigenia fenestrata Schimidle, C. quadrata Morren, Dicloster acuatus Jao, Wei & Hu, Dimorphococcus lunatus Braun, Scenedesmus acuminatus (Lagerheim) Chodat var. acuminatus, S. acuminatus (Lagerheim) Chodat var. bernardii (G.M. Smith) Dedussenko, S. armatus Chodat var. bicaudatus (Guglielmetti) Chodat, S. indicus Philipose, S. perforatus Lemmermann var. perforatus, S. quadricauda (Turpin) Brebisson var. quadricauda, Scenedesmus sp., Tetrallantos lagerheimii Teiling, Tetrastrum heteracanthum (Nordstedt) Chodat, T. punctatum (Schimidle) Ahlstrom & Tiffany and Westella botryoides (W. West) De Wildeman.