R. Chapman

Elimination of cigarette smoking by punishment and self-management training☆

Abstract Faradic shock punishment and self-management training were used in an attempt to eliminate cigarette smoking in two groups of subjects (23 total) who had smoked from four to 48 years and from 14 to 60 cigarettes per day. Group I received two weeks of post-treatment therapist monitoring while Group II received 11 weeks. Only one subject in each group failed to stop smoking during the course of aversion and self-management treatment and reduction to zero cigarettes per day occurred within four to five successive treatments. Post-treatment follow-ups at one, three, six and twelve months revealed longer cessation of smoking in the second group. Six of the eleven subjects in the second group were not smoking at the twelve month follow-up as compared to three of the twelve subjects in the first group. The results suggest that (1) faradic shock punishment combined with self-management training will for most subjects eliminate cigarette smoking, and (2) post-treatment therapist monitoring seems to be an important variable affecting long term cessation of smoking.

Mass spectral fragmentation pathways in cyclic difluoramino and nitro compounds

The recently synthesized compounds 4, 4-bis(difluoramino)-1-nitropiperidine (I), 1,4,4-trinitropiperidine (II), 1,1,4,4-tetranitrocyclohexane (III), 1,1,4, 4-tetrakis(difluoramino)cyclohexane (IV) and 3,3,7, 7-tetrakis(difluora-mino)octahydro-1,5-dinitro-1,5-diazocine (HNFX, V) are being considered as potential energetic materials. The mass spectra of these compounds were studied using electron ionization (EI) mass spectrometry. A collision-induced dissociation (CID) study of the major EI peaks was carried out using a Finnigan TSQ 700 tandem mass spectrometer. The mass fragmentation pathways are constructed and discussed. The decomposition of HNFX (V), under EI, appeared to parallel the thermal decomposition of nitramines where N-NO(2) cleavage is often the first step. However, the two nitramines with a six-membered ring structure (I and II) underwent initial loss of a geminal substituent; loss of a nitramine nitro group was the secondary step. The two cyclohexane structures (III and IV) showed similar initial fragmentation pathways, featuring successive losses of nitro or difluoramino groups. Copyright 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Collectivity in {sup 41}S

Yrast states in the neutron-rich {sup 41}S nucleus have been studied using binary grazing reactions produced by the interaction of a 215-MeV beam of {sup 36}S ions with a thin {sup 208}Pb target. The magnetic spectrometer, PRISMA, and the {gamma}-ray array, CLARA, were used in the measurements. {gamma}-ray transitions of energy 449 and 638 keV were observed. Results from published intermediate-energy Coulomb excitation measurements in combination with those from the present work have led to the construction of a new {sup 41}S level scheme. Proposed J{sup {pi}} values are based on experimental observation and on model-dependent arguments. The level scheme and published electromagnetic transition probabilities are discussed within the context of state-of-art shell-model calculations using the SDPF-U effective interaction. In contrast with the excellent agreement observed in earlier published work, here there are significant discrepancies between experiment and the results of shell-model calculations.

γ-ray spectroscopy of1738Clusing grazing reactions

Excited states of

Structure of chlorine isotopes populated by heavy ion transfer reactions

^{38}_{17}

First in-beam γ -ray study of the level structure of neutron-rich S 39

Cl

Spectroscopy of neutron-rich P 34,35,36,37,38 populated in binary grazing reactions

_{21}

Particle-core coupling inS37

were populated in grazing reactions during the interaction of a beam of

Particle-core coupling in

^{36}_{16}

^{37}S

S