R. Diamant

X-Ray Spectrometry of Copper: New Results on an Old Subject

We review recent, and some less recent, measurements of several emission spectra of copper. The results are discussed with special emphasis on elucidating the structure of the Kα1,2 and Kβ1,3 diagram lines and their underlying transitions. These lines are found to contain ≈30 % contribution from 3d spectator hole transitions. Other multielectronic transitions, the 2p spectator hole (satellites) and 1s spectator hole (hypersatellites) transitions were also measured. They are discussed paying special attention to the evolution of the lineshapes and intensities from the excitation threshold to saturation. Trends in the measured quantities depending on the spectator hole’s shell and subshell are also discussed.

Structure of the Co and Fe Kα3,4 satellite spectra

The Kα3,4 satellite spectra, originating in the [1s2p] −1 → [2p] −2 transition, were measured with high resolution for Co and Fe, using photoexcitation by tunable monochromatized synchrotron radiation. Fits to a phenomenological sum of Voigt functions and to ab initio relativistic Dirac–Fock-calculated spectra resolved the structure underlying the spectra. The dependence of the satellites’ intensity on the excitation energy yielded accurate values for the excitation thresholds. The shake-theory-based Thomas model was found to deviate from the measured intensities, indicating near-threshold major contributions from non-shake excitation processes, such as the knockout, or ‘two step one,’ effect.