R. Ent

Precision Rosenbluth measurement of the proton elastic form factors

We report the results of a new Rosenbluth measurement of the proton electromagnetic form factors at Q2 values of 2.64, 3.20, and 4.10 GeV2. Cross sections were determined by detecting the recoiling proton, in contrast to previous measurements which detected the scattered electron. Cross sections were determined to 3%, with relative uncertainties below 1%. The ratio mu(p)G(E)/G(M) was determined to 4%-8% and showed mu(p)G(E)/G(M) approximately 1. These results are consistent with, and much more precise than, previous Rosenbluth extractions. They are inconsistent with recent polarization transfer measurements of similar precision, implying a systematic difference between the techniques.

Physics opportunities with the 12 GeV upgrade at Jefferson Lab

We summarize the scientific opportunities for utilization of the upgraded 12GeV Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility (CEBAF) and associated experimental equipment at Jefferson Lab. This is based primarily on the 52 proposals recommended for approval by the Jefferson Lab Program Advisory Committee to date. The upgraded facility will enable a new experimental program with substantial discovery potential to address important topics in nuclear, hadronic, and electroweak physics.

Quark-Hadron Duality in Electron Scattering

Quark-hadron duality addresses some of the most fundamental issues in strong interaction physics, in particular the nature of the transition from the perturbative to non-perturbative regions of QCD. I summarize recent developments in quark-hadron duality in lepton-hadron scattering, and outline how duality can be studied at future high-luminosity facilities such as Jefferson Lab at 12 GeV, or an electron-hadron collider such as EPIC.

Measurements of Deuteron Photodisintegration up to 4.0 GeV

The first measurements of the differential cross section for the d(γ,p)n reaction up to 4.0 GeV were performed at the Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility (CEBAF) at Thomas Jefferson Laboratory. We report the cross sections at the proton center-of-mass angles of 36°, 52°, 69°, and 89°. These results are in reasonable agreement with previous measurements at lower energy. The 89° and 69° data show constituent-counting-rule behavior up to 4.0 GeV photon energy. The 52° and 36° data disagree with the counting-rule behavior. The quantum chromodynamics (QCD) model of nuclear reactions involving reduced amplitudes disagrees with the present data.

New Measurements of the European Muon Collaboration Effect in Very Light Nuclei

J. Seely, A. Daniel, D. Gaskell, J. Arrington, ∗ N. Fomin, P. Solvignon, R. Asaturyan, † F. Benmokhtar, W. Boeglin, B. Boillat, P. Bosted, A. Bruell, M.H.S. Bukhari, M.E. Christy, B. Clasie, S. Connell, ‡ M.M. Dalton, D. Day, J. Dunne, D. Dutta, 12 L. El Fassi, R. Ent, H. Fenker, B.W. Filippone, H. Gao, 12 C. Hill, R.J. Holt, T. Horn, 3 E. Hungerford, M.K. Jones, J. Jourdan, N. Kalantarians, C.E. Keppel, D. Kiselev, M. Kotulla, C. Lee, A.F. Lung, S. Malace, D.G. Meekins, T. Mertens, H. Mkrtchyan, T. Navasardyan, G. Niculescu, I. Niculescu, H. Nomura, Y. Okayasu, A.K. Opper, C. Perdrisat, D.H. Potterveld, V. Punjabi, X. Qian, P.E. Reimer, J. Roche, V.M. Rodriguez, O. Rondon, E. Schulte, E. Segbefia, K. Slifer, G.R. Smith, V. Tadevosyan, S. Tajima, L. Tang, G. Testa, R. Trojer, V. Tvaskis, W.F. Vulcan, F.R. Wesselmann, S.A. Wood, J. Wright, L. Yuan, and X. Zheng Laboratory for Nuclear Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA Thomas Jefferson National Laboratory, Newport News, VA, USA Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, USA University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA Yerevan Physics Institute, Armenia University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA Basel University, Basel, Switzerland Hampton University, Hampton, VA, USA Mississippi State University, Jackson, MS, USA Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA Kellogg Radiation Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA, USA Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA, USA Norfolk State University, Norfolk, VA, USA (Dated: October 27, 2009)

New Measurements of High-Momentum Nucleons and Short-Range Structures in Nuclei

We present new measurements of electron scattering from high-momentum nucleons in nuclei. These data allow an improved determination of the strength of two-nucleon correlations for several nuclei, including light nuclei where clustering effects can, for the first time, be examined. The data also include the kinematic region where three-nucleon correlations are expected to dominate.

A high-precision polarimeter

We have built a polarimeter in order to measure the electron beam polarization in hall C at JLAB. Using a superconducting solenoid to drive the pure-iron target foil into saturation, and a symmetrical setup to detect the Moller electrons in coincidence, we achieve an accuracy of <1%. This sets a new standard for Moller polarimeters.

Inclusive electron - nucleus scattering at large momentum transfer

The response function of nuclei in the quasielastic region at large momentum transfer (q≤10 fm^-1) is measured for a series of nuclei, 4He, 12C, 27Al, 56Fe, and 197Au, up to large values of the Bjorken scaling variables x<2.5.

Hadrons in the nuclear medium

Quantum chromodynamics (QCD), the microscopic theory of strong interactions, has not yet been applied to the calculation of nuclear wavefunctions. However, it certainly provokes a number of specific questions and suggests the existence of novel phenomena in nuclear physics which are not part of the traditional framework of the meson–nucleon description of nuclei. Many of these phenomena are related to high nuclear densities and the role of colour in nucleonic interactions. Quantum fluctuations in the spatial separation between nucleons may lead to local high-density configurations of cold nuclear matter in nuclei, up to four times larger than typical nuclear densities. We argue here that experiments utilizing the higher energies available upon completion of the Jefferson Laboratory energy upgrade will be able to probe the quark–gluon structure of such high-density configurations and therefore elucidate the fundamental nature of nuclear matter. We review three key experimental programmes: quasi-elastic electro-disintegration of light nuclei, deep inelastic scattering from nuclei at x > 1 and the measurement of tagged structure functions. These interrelated programmes are all aimed at the exploration of the quark structure of high-density nuclear configurations. The study of the QCD dynamics of elementary hard processes is another important research direction and nuclei provide a unique avenue to explore these dynamics. In particular, we argue that the use of nuclear targets and large values of momentum transfer at energies available with the Jefferson Laboratory upgrade would allow us to determine whether the physics of the nucleon form factors is dominated by spatially small configurations of three quarks. Similarly, one could determine if hard two-body processes such as exclusive vector meson electroproduction are dominated by production of mesons in small-size q configurations.

Proton G_E/G_M from beam-target asymmetry

The ratio of the protons electric to magnetic form factor, G{sub E}/G{sub M}, can be extracted in elastic electron-proton scattering by measuring cross sections, beam-target asymmetry, or recoil polarization. Separate determinations of G{sub E}/G{sub M} by cross sections and recoil polarization observables disagree for Q{sup 2}>1 (GeV/c){sup 2}. Measurement by a third technique might uncover an unknown systematic error in either of the previous measurements. The beam-target asymmetry has been measured for elastic electron-proton scattering at Q{sup 2} = 1.51 (GeV/c){sup 2} for target spin orientation aligned perpendicular to the beam momentum direction. This is the largest Q{sup 2} at which G{sub E}/G{sub M} has been determined by a beam-target asymmetry experiment. The result, {mu}G{sub E}/G{sub M}=0.884{+-}0.027{+-}0.029, is compared to previous world data.