Rachmat Hartono

Automatic summarization of Web content to smaller display devices

Web documents usually have complicated layouts and the overall information content can be huge. All these documents are designed for viewing in large screen devices, such as a computer monitor. In recent times, a large number of small screen portable devices, such as personal digital assistants (PDA) and cellular phones, have been made available for mobile browsing. Viewing a Web page originally written for large screen devices using these very small screen devices can be extremely cumbersome. This paper discusses this issue of small viewing form factor of electronics devices from the perspective of Web browsing and proposes an approach to automatically summarize and transform Web documents into a meaningful, readable and above all, browsable format.

Web page summarization for handheld devices: a natural language approach

Summarization of web pages is a very interesting topicfrom both academic and commercial point of view.Academically, it is challenging to create a summary of adocument (e.g. a web page) that is highly structured andhas multi-media components in it. From the commercialpoint of view, it is advantageous to summarize web pagesto be viewed in small display devices such as PDAs andcell phones. Summarization not only makes web browsingand navigation easier, but it makes browsing faster ascomplete web pages need not be downloaded beforeviewing. In this paper, a novel combination of naturallanguage and non-natural language based summarizationtechniques have been used to automatically generate anintelligent re-authored display of web pages in real time.

FaxAssist : An automatic routing of unconstrained fax to email location

This paper describes a method for automatically routing unconstrained faxes to mail recipients. Incoming faxes usually have many formats, variation in name representation, and can be either machine or hand printed. Our approach synthesized the use of multiple OCR engines, the geometry based name location, and error correcting name matching. Candidates for a name match are determined by a number of components such as the qualification of the name image, the confidence of the name text, and the confidence of the keyword that appears in front of the name. Multiple name matches are then filtered out based on the weight toward the location of the name in the document and the distance between the keyword and the name, etc. As a result, our project accurately routes faxes to the right destination or sends the fax to an operator if the recipient cannot be recognized with sufficient confidence. An initial prototype fax routing system has been deployed and tested at DARPA. In this paper we discuss our approach, the results of testing at a live site and directions for the future.

A pair-wise decision fusion framework: recognition of human faces

Automatic detection and recognition offaces is now becoming an important tool in securiQ and suweillance. One of the most promising techniques for recognizing faces is the use of Support Vector Machines (SVMs). However, SVMs are essentially tw-class classifiers or dichotomizers, and applying them IO recognize multiple classes of faces requires post- recogni:ion decision fusion to arrive at the final overall decision. In this paper, we propose such a decision fusion framewrk, and show chat such a pair-nise classification framework can be totally generic irrespective of the chosen classifier. Application o/ this framework to the face recognition problem has resulted in encouraging perl/ormance.

Extending a broad-coverage parser for a general NLP toolkit

With the rapid growth of real world applications for NLP systems, there is a genuine demand for a general toolkit from which programmers with no linguistic knowledge can build specific NLP systems. Such a toolkit should have a parser that is general enough to be used across domains, and yet accurate enough for each specific application. In this paper, we describe a parser that extends a broad-coverage parser, Minipar (Lin, 2001), with an adaptable shallow parser so as to achieve both generality and accuracy in handling domain specific NL problems. We test this parser on our corpus and the results show that the accuracy is significantly higher than a system that uses Minipar alone.

Use of genetic algorithms for optimizing a decision fusion framework

Optimizing a multiple classi

Automatic semantic grouping in a spoken language user interface toolkit

er configuration to a particular problem domain is alwoys a demanding task, especially when there are multiple variable paramelers that need to be optimized simultaneously. In this paper, a genetic algorithm is used for optimizing a decision fiion framavork. It is demonstrated tho! !he adoprion of !he proposed approach can result in a system, which is completely seljlconfigurable when adapting itself to a newproblem domain.

Development of Spoken Language User Interfaces: A Tool Kit Approach

With the rapid growth of real application domains for NLP systems, there is a genuine demand for a general toolkit from which programmers with no linguistic knowledge can build specific NLP systems. Such a toolkit should provide an interface to accept sample sentences and convert them into semantic representations so as to allow programmers to map them to domain actions. In order to reduce the workload of managing a large number of semantic forms individually, the toolkit will perform what we call semantic grouping to organize the forms into meaningful groups. In this paper, we present three semantic grouping methods: similarity-based, verb-based and category-based grouping, and their implementation in the SLUI toolkit. We also discuss the pros and cons of each method and how they can be utilized according to the different domain needs.

An automatically updateable web publishing solution: taking document sharing and conversion to enterprise level

This paper introduces a toolkit that allows programmers with no linguistic knowledge to rapidly develop a Spoken Language User Interface (SLUI) for various applications. The applications may vary from web-based e-commerce to the control of domestic appliances. Using the SLUI Toolkit, a programmer is able to create a system that incorporates Natural Language Processing (NLP), complex syntactic parsing, and semantic understanding. The system has been tested using ten human evaluators in a specific domain of a web based e-commerce application. The evaluators have overwhelmingly endorsed the ease of use and applicability of the tool kit in rapid development of speech and natural language processing interfaces for this domain.

Conversion data representing a document to other formats for manipulation and display

This paper presents a novel automatic web publishing solution, Pageview(R). PageView(R) is a complete working solution for document processing and management. The principal aim of this tool is to allow workgroups to share, access and publish documents on-line on a regular basis. For example, assuming that a person is working on some documents. The user will, in some fashion, organize his work either in his own local directory or in a shared network drive. Now extend that concept to a workgroup. Within a workgroup, some users are working together on some documents, and they are saving them in a directory structure somewhere on a document repository. The next stage of this reasoning is that a workgroup is working on some documents, and they want to publish them routinely on-line. Now it may happen that they are using different editing tools, different software, and different graphics tools. The resultant documents may be in PDF, Microsoft Office(R), HTML, or Word Perfect format, just to name a few. In general, this process needs the documents to be processed in a fashion so that they are in the HTML format, and then a web designer needs to work on that collection to make them available on-line. PageView(R) takes care of this whole process automatically, making the document workflow clean and easy to follow. PageView(R) Server publishes documents, complete with the directory structure, for online use. The documents are automatically converted to HTML and PDF so that users can view the content without downloading the original files, or having to download browser plug-ins. Once published, other users can access the documents as if they are accessing them from their local folders. The paper will describe the complete working system and will discuss possible applications within the document management research.