Rachna Sharma

LOW-GRADE INFLAMMATION IN SUBCLINICAL HYPOTHYROIDISM: ROLE OF HIGHSENSITIVE C-REACTIVE PROTEIN

Objective: Subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) patients may present with abnormal lipid profile more specifically in patients having thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) >10 mIU/L. Since the contradiction still lies with patients having TSH <10 mIU/L, so the role of high-sensitive C-reactive protein (Hs- CRP) may be important with the prediction of inflammatory cardiovascular risk.Methods: Recently diagnosed 30 SCH patients both male and female were recruited and compared 30 normal healthy adults. Age and body mass index (BMI) of the study population were noted. Thyroid profile including TSH, FT4, and T3 was measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Total cholesterol, triglycerides, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol were measured by the CHOD-POD method, GPO-PAP method, and CHOD-POD/phosphotungstic method. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and very low-density cholesterol were measured by Friedewald formula. Lipoprotein ratios were also calculated. An ELISA was also used for the estimation of Hs-CRP.Results: The significant results were obtained in this study. BMI was significantly (<0.01) elevated in patients’ group compared to the control group. In the thyroid profile, TSH was significantly (<0.05) different between the groups. Total cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL-cholesterol were significantly (<0.01) elevated in the case group. A significantly lower concentration of HDL cholesterol was observed in SCH patients when compared with control subjects. There was an elevated concentration of lipoprotein ratios in patients group. The mean concentration of Hs-CRP was highly significant between the groups. The level was higher in the case group compared to the control group. In patients’ group, there was a positive association (I²- 0.36) (confidence interval 95%–0.002–0.536) between TSH and Hs-CRP. This association was highly significant.Conclusion: SCH patients having TSH <10 I¼IU/ml were characterized by dyslipidemia and elevated Hs-CRP. Increased lipoprotein ratios and Hs-CRP may promote low-grade inflammation in SCH patients, by which cardiovascular risk can be developed.

ASSESSMENT OF CARDIOMETABOLIC RISK FACTORS AMONG LOCAL POPULATION OF NATIONAL CAPITAL REGION

Objective: In view of marked accentuations in cardiometabolic diseases in developing countries such as India, we aimed to conduct a cross-sectional study analyzing the prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors in local population of Ghaziabad. Methods: The study is descriptive, random sample survey, and cross-sectional study. The study was carried out at Santosh Medical College, Ghaziabad, on 350 participants between the age group 18-70 years. After taking the informed consent, they were included in the study. The variables recorded were clinical history, all risk factors of cardiovascular disease including blood pressure, body mass index, waist circumference, blood sugar and serum lipid levels, cigarette use, and dietary habit. Result: Our study shows that the high prevalence of multiple risk factors in a general population with as many as 70% of the participants had metabolic syndrome. Among individually studied groups, obesity was the most common followed by dyslipidemia then diabetes and hypertension and the least prevalent was smoking. Females were more commonly affected than males by dyslipidemia and obesity, probably due to physical inactivity coupled with unhealthy diet and lifestyle. Conclusion: There is the higher prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors among the population making the individuals prone to associated spontaneous coronary artery dissection and their predisposition. Therefore, timely detection of cardiometabolic factors and appropriate interventions may be of prime concern.

Scope of Biochemical Markers in Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis is one of the major causes of the mortality from single infectious agent worldwide. India has the highest number of TB cases in the world. It is the leading cause of death, because of its high mortality and morbidity because of the disease, is due to emergence of multidrug resistant TB strains, and the HIV infection which reactivates the latent TB making it more severe. Moreover, failure to diagnose TB early remains one of the primary hurdles in controlling of the disease. The disease is diagnosed generally by its symptoms, radiographic methods, and sputum smear microscopy and by cultivation of the Mycobacterium Tuberculosis, which is considered as gold standard. Current advances in molecular biology and molecular epidemiology and a better understanding of drug resistance in TB have given a new horizon to its rapid diagnosis. However the cost effective techniques, and their requirement for sophisticated equipments & skilled personals have excluded their implementation on a routine basis especially in low income countries.

Pharmacokinetic Studies of 4, 5 CIS-5-STYRYL-2-OXOOxazolidine-4-Carboxylic Acid from its Prodrug

Recent studies which were undertaken at CDRI to study the effect of N- acyl derivatives of various aminoacids, have culminated in the identification of an oxazolidine derivatives 4, 5 cis-5-styryl-2-oxo-oxazolidine-4-carboxylic acid(CDRI 85/92) having good proton pump inhibitory activity. This compound is as potent as omeprazole in in vitro inhibition of H+/K+ ATPase and in various animal models. The compound is undergoing advanced stage of clinical trials. Preclinical pharmacokinetics of oxazolidine derivatives 4, 5 cis-5-styryl-2-oxo-oxazolidine-4- carboxylic acid after a single 20 Mg/Kg oral dose and I. V. administration in male Sprague Dawlay rats showed that the compound is rapidly absorbed. After attaining a peak concentration at 1 hour, it is rapidly eliminated with elimination half life of 2 hours. The clearance of the compound was high. The systemic bioavailability of the compound was more than 60%. This compound is short acting and has to be administered frequently. In an effort to increase the duration of action of the compound, the compound was prepared by capping the carboxylic group of the parent compound with ethyl acetate group, generated the prodrug. The pharmacokinetics of the parent compound, after administration of the prodrug was studied. The concentration of the parent compound from the prodrug in rat serum was determined using the validated HPLC method with gradient elution. The concentration time profile of the parent compound from its prodrug showed rapid absorption with maximum concentration of 956ng/mole at 5 min. The serum concentration time data was subjected to noncompartmental approach using winNonlin software, to determine the pharmacokinetic parameters. The clearance of the compound was reduced to 1/4th as compared to the administration of parent compound, thereby increasing the half-life from 4.3 hours to 17.7 hours which was higher than the parent compound. The compound therefore stays longer in the body and may be effective for a longer period of the time than the parent compound.