Raed M. Al-Zoubi

Synthesis of bis-diosgenin pyrazine dimers: new cephalostatin analogs.

A convenient synthesis for bis-diosgenin pyrazine dimers, cephalostatin analogues is reported. These symmetrical dimeric steroid-pyrazines were obtained by the classical condensation of alpha-amino ketones, the most efficient method for pyrazine ring construction.

A Mild and Convenient Synthesis of 1,2,3-Triiodoarenes via Consecutive Iodination/Diazotization/Iodination Strategy

A mild and convenient synthesis of 1,2,3-triiodoarenes has been developed. This method consists of two steps which can be performed on multigram scale with moderate to excellent yields. This report discloses a practical synthesis of 1,2,3-triiodoarenes and 1,2,3-trihaloarenes that is general in scope, operationally simple, scalable, and is easy to workup and to purify. We also report the first regioselective transmetalation reaction of 1,2,3-triiodoarenes to provide ortho-diiodoaryl derivatives, which are useful building blocks and indeed are hard to make by other means.

A Simple and Efficient Two-Step Synthesis of 1,2,3-Triiodoarenes via Consecutive C–H Iodination/ipso-Iododecarboxylation Strategy: A Potential Application towards ortho-Diiodoarenes by Regioselective Metal–Iodine Exchange Reaction

A general, robust, and efficient method for the conversion of benzoic acids to 1,2,3-triiodoarenes and 1,2,3-trihaloarenes via a two-step synthesis is reported. Commercially available benzoic acids were used that can allow the reactions to be performed on multi-gram scales with good-to-excellent yields. This report discloses a practical method for the synthesis of 1,2,3-triiodoarenes and 1,2,3-trihaloarenes that is general in scope, scalable, and easy to workup and purify. A potential application of the target compounds as precursors for novel regioselective metal–iodine exchange reaction of 1,2,3-triiodoarenes was also demonstrated. It provided ortho-diiodoaryl derivatives in a high regioselective fashion that are useful intermediates in synthesis and indeed are hard to synthesize by any other means.

Extracting oil from used auto tires at low temperature after chemical treatment

This study presents an alternative tactic to pyrolysis of auto tires avoiding the use of high temperature and increasing the yield of oil produced. It depends on a simple chemical treatment of auto tires with sodium carbonate at low temperature (50°C) followed by solvent extraction. This treatment produced two folds of the yield that can be obtained using normal solvent extraction. The experimental results suggests that sodium carbonate is responsible for breakage of CS bond in the main structure of auto tires making solvent extraction easier. Additionally, the sulphur content of the extracted oil using the sodium carbonate treatment is reduced significantly (by about 28%) making the product more favorable energy/fuel source. This technique allows about 30wt.% of oil to be extracted from the used auto tires at 50°C under atmospheric pressure resulted from the breakage of the sulphur cross-linking by the sodium carbonate.