Raeto T. Strebel

Intraoperative complications of laparoscopic adrenalectomy

A laparoscopic or retroperitoneoscopic access to the adrenal gland is the standard of care for adrenalectomy in most cases. Although in laparoscopic adrenalectomy the approach is minimally invasive, the procedure is challenging. This is reflected in the scope of possible complications. The surgeon must consider complications related to the anatomical topography of the adrenal gland, which typically encompasses the complications known from open surgery and complications related to the minimal invasive access. In this topic paper we will address the most frequently encountered complications of adrenalectomy: vascular injuries, injuries of the bowel, pleural tears, and injuries to the liver, spleen and pancreas. Fortunately, these complications occur rarely. However, many of these complications can have devastating consequences. Therefore, it’s the surgeon’s obligation to be aware of the possible complications he might encounter during laparoscopic adrenalectomy. This awareness is essential for their prevention and it helps the laparoscopic surgeon to identify complications intraoperatively.

Giant calculi in urethral diverticula

A 45-year-old woman presented with a 10-year history of recurrent urinary tract infections. On clinical examination, we found a hard periurethral mass in the anterior vaginal wall. A radiograph of her pelvis showed giant calculi, and cystoscopy revealed an extrusion of the posterolateral distal

Sacral magnetic stimulation in non-inflammatory chronic pelvic pain syndrome

To prospectively evaluate sacral magnetic high‐frequency stimulation as a treatment option for patients with non‐inflammatory chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CPPS, category IIIB).