Rafael Anzanello

Fungos micorrízicos arbusculares (FMA) em porta-enxertos micropropagados de videira

The use of mycorrhizal fungi is an activity of great importance to accelerate the initial development of grape seedlings. This work aimed to evaluate the effects of two AMF on the vegetative growth of three grape rootstocks. Such experiment used the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi Glomus etunicatum and Scutellospora heterogama, and the rootstocks SO4, Paulsen 1103 e 043-43. The micropropagated rootstocks were transferred and acclimated in 300 mL plastic cups, and after 58 days were transplanted to 2 L plastic bags containing a mixture of carbonized rice husks and Plantmax® on the proportion 1:1, as substrate. The inoculum consisted of 20 g of rhizospheric soil and roots fragments containing the structures of AMF added to the substrate during the acclimatization stage. Fresh and dry matter of roots and shoots, length of roots and shoots, stem diameter and nutritional status of shoots were evaluated after 135 days of inoculation. The AMF Glomus etunicatum and Scutellospora heterogama provided better nutrition and greater vegetative growth of rootstock varieties when compared to the non-inoculated plants. The benefits of symbiosis were depended on the specific combination of the fungal isolate and rootstock variety employed, with 043-43 benefited mainly by AMF Glomus etunicatun and SO4 and Paulsen 1103 by Glomus etunicatum and Scutellospora heterogama.

Fenologia, exigência térmica e produtividade de videiras 'Niagara Branca', 'Niagara Rosada 'e 'Concord' submetidas a duas safras por ciclo vegetativo

This study aimed at tracking phenology, thermal demand and productivity of Niagara Branca, Niagara Rosada and Concord grapevines subjected to a dry pruning in winter and a green pruning in the end of spring, focused on obtaining two grapes harvests by vegetative cycle. The experiment was performed at Eldorado do Suls Agronomic Experimental Station, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil, during the 2007/2008 harvesting. The plants were subjected to two dates of pruning in winter (07/22/07 and 08/20/07), performed by means of a short pruning, and two green pruning dates (11/15/07 and 12/17/07), performed by pruning the shoot starting from the fourth bud above the last grape cluster. The grapevine phenological sub periods considered were the vegetative, ranging from the pruning to sprouting and from the sprouting to flowering; and the reproductive, ranging from flowering to harvesting. Such ranges were monitored based on the degree-day accumulation. The grapevine production, total soluble solids and total titratable acidity were evaluated for the two crops. Results showed that all cultivars need around 1500 degree-days to complete their cycle, for both harvests. Early winter pruning increased the duration of the phenological cycle of plants compared to pruning performed in August due to the increased phenological subperiod pruning/flowering on the grapevines with early pruning. The anticipation of the winter pruning allowed advancing the first harvest, producing early grapes with higher market value. The phenological cycle of the second harvest was shorter than the first harvest due to higher temperatures during development of plants on the green pruning. The combination between winter pruning in August and green pruning in November was the most effective to obtain a second harvest in the same grapevine vegetative cycle. Plants subjected to green pruning provided a second harvest, between March/April, offering economic benefits to the producer and expanding the availability of fruit to consumers.