Rafael L. Gomes

Towards software-defined VANET: Architecture and services

Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs) have in recent years been viewed as one of the enabling technologies to provide a wide variety of services, such as vehicle road safety, enhanced traffic and travel efficiency, and convenience and comfort for passengers and drivers. However, current VANET architectures lack in flexibility and make the deployment of services/protocols in large-scale a hard task. In this paper, we demonstrate how Software-Defined Networking (SDN), an emerging network paradigm, can be used to provide the flexibility and programmability to networks and introduces new services and features to todays VANETs. We take the concept of SDN, which has mainly been designed for wired infrastructures, especially in the data center space, and propose SDN-based VANET architecture and its operational mode to adapt SDN to VANET environments. We also discuss benefits of a Software-Defined VANET and the services that can be provided. We demonstrate in simulation the feasibility of a Software-Defined VANET by comparing SDN-based routing with traditional MANET/VANET routing protocols. We also show in simulation fallback mechanisms that must be provided to apply the SDN concept into mobile wireless scenarios, and demonstrate one of the possible services that can be provided by a Software-Defined VANET.

A Virtual Network Allocation Algorithm for Reliability Negotiation

The Internet has become a primary means of communication, even though it currently does not guarantee Quality of Service (QoS). In order to tackle with this problem, companies establish Service Level Agreements (SLA) with their providers, including the reliability of services. This paper shows an algorithm for virtual network allocation in a reliability context, where some techniques of disjoint path and reliability calculation are used to deploy the virtual network according to the clients specification. Simulations using real network topologies show the capacity of the algorithm to deploy the virtual network according to the client requirements.

A Bandwidth-Feasibility Algorithm for Reliable Virtual Network Allocation

Currently, the Internet is the main communication medium, however it does not guarantee Quality of Service. To contour this problem, companies establish Service Level Agreements with their Internet Service Providers, including parameters like bandwidth and reliability of the network. This paper presents an algorithm for virtual network allocation in a reliability context, where a feasible bandwidth approach and reliability calculation are used to deploy the virtual network according to the clients requirement. Simulations using a real network topology show the effectiveness of the algorithm to deploy the virtual network in a scenario of multiple cumulative requests.

A generic SLA negotiation protocol for Virtualized Environments

Many companies use the Internet as a basis for their services, defining Service Level Agreements (SLA) with their respective Internet Service Providers. However, the current Internet works in a Best Effort manner, what points toward the concept of network virtualization to support the Future Internet. Within this context, this work proposes a generic SLA negotiation protocol for Virtualized Environments (VEs). The proposed protocol allows the client to negotiate resources (for example, the bandwidth for the virtual network or the storage capacity of the cloud) and features (for example, protocol stack of the virtual network or operating system in the cloud) used in the VE. Experiments showed the effectiveness of the proposed protocol in fulfilling the requirements defined by the client.

Bandwidth-aware allocation of resilient Virtual Software Defined Networks

Currently, it is hard to imagine our lives without the Internet, where services are accessed and shared by billions of users every day. However, even after many years, the Internet cannot guarantee Quality of Service (QoS) for the main services to current and future clients. To deal with this problem, clients establish Service Level Agreements (SLAs) with their Internet Service Providers (ISPs), including resilience parameters. The Internet is recognized to be resilient enough for many services, but it is still sensitive to failure events that affect the performance of these services. Software Defined Networks (SDNs) together with Virtual Network (VNs) approaches aim to enhance the management, planning and resource usage of networks. When both approaches are mixed together, we have Virtual Software Defined Network (VSDN). However, the allocation of VSDNs considering resilience issues is still an open issue. Within this context, this paper presents an algorithm for VSDN allocation, called Bw-Risk-Ratio, that considers resilience factors, as well as it deploys the VSDN according to QoS parameters defined in the SLA. Experiments using a real network topology show the effectiveness of the algorithm to deploy the VSDN resilient to failure events when compared to existing solutions.

A Traffic Classification Agent for Virtual Networks Based on QoS Classes

Internet growth drives the emergence and usage of new applications, which have specific requirements for Quality of Service (QoS). Thus, differentiation of packets which belong to certain QoS classes becomes a crucial factor to ensure the desirable quality for the applications. Within this context, this paper proposes an agent for real-time traffic classification based on QoS classes for virtual network environments, which aims at forwarding the flow to the adequate virtual network according to the QoS class. The study was made using the Mininet emulator and the Openflow Protocol. And the study showed that the agent using the Naive Bayes method performs the more suitable classification in real time.

LatinCon14 - Providing QoE and QoS in Wireless Mesh Networks Through Dynamic Choice of Routing Metrics

The increasing demand of multimedia applications requires a new behavior of routing protocols for wireless mesh networks (WMNs). It is necessary to support the minimum requirements for quality of service (QoS), but WMNs also need to support the minimum requirements for quality of experience (QoE). This paper is an additional analysis of the proposed routing protocol OLSR-DC, from a perspective of the network (QoS) and from a perspective of the user (QoE). The simulations were performed to demonstrate the performance of OLSR-DC compared against original OLSR and its ETX and MD versions considering different performance evaluation metrics and the quality of the video received by the user.

A combined energy-bandwidth approach to allocate resilient virtual software defined networks

The Internet supports many applications for millions of users every day and will enable the creation of even more innovative services for all participants. However, there is still no Quality of Service (QoS) guarantee for the users. In order to specify requirements, clients establish Service Level Agreements (SLAs) with their Internet Service Providers (ISPs), where resilience and available bandwidth are key requirements for the success of Internet services. On the other hand, the ISPs aim to maximize their profit by establishing as many SLAs as possible and decrease the energy consumption to deliver their services. The mixing of Software Defined Networks (SDNs) and Virtual Networks (VNs), called Virtual Software Defined Network (VSDN), improves the flexibility and manageability of networks, arising it as an option to achieve these goals. Within this context, this paper presents two algorithms to allocate VSDNs: (i) the Bandwidth and Reliability According to Redundancy (BRAR) algorithm to achieve resilience; and (ii) the Bandwidth and Energy Efficiency Focus (BEE-Focus) algorithm to find paths taking into account bandwidth availability and energy efficiency. The results show the benefits of the proposed algorithms in deploying resilient VSDNs regarding energy efficiency, while improving bandwidth availability in the network infrastructure.

An architecture for dynamic resource adjustment in VSDNs based on traffic demand

To access the Internet, companies define a Service Level Agreement (SLA) with Internet Service Providers (ISPs). Nevertheless, the current Internet does not assure Quality of Service (QoS), what points toward the concept of network virtualization and software defined network (SDN) to support the Future Internet. Moreover, the initial parameters defined in SLAs may not withstand traffic changes, resulting in a lower quality experienced by users and a waste of resources for ISPs. Within this context, this paper proposes an architecture to deal with resource usage variations. The proposal aims to enhance the QoS provided by the ISPs, while improving the usage of network resources in dynamic scenarios. Experiments using real traffic demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed architecture.

State-aware allocation of reliable Virtual Software Defined Networks based on bandwidth and energy

Even after decades, the Internet does not provide Quality of Service (QoS) guarantee for the users. In order to soften such situation, clients negotiate Service Level Agreements (SLAs) with their Internet Service Providers (ISPs), where reliability and available bandwidth are key requirements for Internet services. On the other hand, the ISPs aim to decrease the energy consumption to deliver their services and provide a green environment. The mixing of Software Defined Networks (SDNs) and Virtual Networks (VNs), called Virtual Software Defined Network (VSDN), arises as a realizable option to deal with both client and provider perspectives. Within this context, this paper proposes two algorithms to allocate VSDNs combining reliability, bandwidth, and energy efficiency, considering the current network state to adjust the importance of each of these aspects during the allocation process. The results show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms in allocating reliable VSDNs, while improving the energy efficiency and bandwidth usage of the ISP.