Ragaei El Mallakh

ECONOMICS AND CONSERVATION

ABSTRACT Stability in oil prices will aid in speeding worldwide economic recovery. The effect of increases and/or decreases in petroleum prices on the economics and conservation efforts of various countries is discussed.

Capital Surpluses and Deficits in the Arab Middle East: A Regional Perspective

The Arab oil-based economies in the Middle East are experiencing a period of unprecedented economic growth and prosperity owing to the recent dramatic increases in their oil revenues. The countries, however, have started to encounter considerable difficulty in implementing their overly ambitious development plans. Their economies are exhibiting obvious signs of tension and stress with acute bottlenecks developing in many areas and sectors. These bottlenecks relate basically to their generally narrow resource base, inadequate infrastructure, profound labor shortages especially in skilled and highly trained manpower, and inefficient administrative machinery. The cumulative impact of these factors diminishes the capacity of these countries to absorb their tremendous oil revenues productively.

American-Arab relations: conflict or cooperation?

Abstract The oil embargo of 1973 appeared to turn the US supply situation into a problem of doomsday proportion. Dr El Mallakh argues that both producing and consuming countries can benefit from increased understanding of their natural economic links and recognition of their interdependence in the world energy market.

African Studies in Colorado

In the past two years there has been an upsurge in interest in African studies in the State, particularly through the activities of the faculties of the Universities of Colorado and Denver, and Colorado State University. Beginning in the 1967–68 academic year, the University of Colorado offered a Bachelor of Arts degree in African and Middle Eastern Studies, and is expanding its graduate courses with a multi-disciplinary approach. In the spring of 1969 the Center on International Race Relations at the Graduate School of International Studies of the University of Denver began operation with primary emphasis on Africa and Asia. Of equal importance, however, is the high level of co-operation in African studies among the institutions of higher learning throughout the State. This effort involves the maximisation of Africanist talent via the exchange of staff and students, and regional meetings and conferences.

Kuwaiti Aid to Africa

The economic aid programmes of Kuwait should be viewed within the context of that countrys economic status, which cannot be described as either ‘developing’ or ‘developed’. Indeed, such simple classifications fail to allow for a situation in which a nation might be developed in certain aspects yet be ‘under-developed’ in others. Criteria which generally indicate a developed economy include a high income per capita , a high rate of economic growth and a sound external financial situation. The Kuwaiti economy fulfils these requirements. In 1964 the income per capita reached

Jacqueline S. Ismael, Kuwait: Social Change in Historical Perspective (Syracuse, New York: Syracuse University Press, 1981). Pp. 202.

3,275 in Kuwait as compared to

HYDROCARBONS IN A CHANGING WORLD: SOME FUTURE STRATEGIES*

3,221 for the United States and

OIL IN THE 1980s: SOME ISSUES OF SUPPLY AND DEMAND

2,161 for Sweden. An average annual growth rate reaching eight per cent can be claimed, which is about double that of the highly industrialised world powers. The Kuwaiti balance of payments is most favourable if compared with that of many ‘developed’ nations. Furthermore, it spends over 20 per cent of its national income on economic aid programmes.