Ragıba Zağyapan

Body Height Estimation from Head and Face Dimensions: A Different Method*

Abstract:  As there are cases brought for forensic examination where only the craniofacial region is available, estimation of stature from craniofacial dimensions is without doubt important in forensic cases. The study presented here attempts to estimate stature from craniofacial dimensions in the Turkish population. In the second phase of the study, the correlations between craniofacial dimensions and stature were also evaluated according to different head and face types. All measurements were taken from 286 healthy males with a mean age of 22.71 ± 4.86 years. The sample was then reclassified according to different head and face indexes. For the whole sample, correlation coefficients were low, changing only between 0.012 and 0.229. Thus, no significant increase in correlation coefficients was observed after the samples had been reevaluated according to different head and face types. As a conclusion, craniofacial dimensions are not good predictors for body height for the Turkish population.

Facial soft tissue thickness in individuals with different occlusion patterns in adult Turkish subjects

Knowledge of variation in facial soft tissue thickness is important for forensic anthropologists, dentists, and plastic surgeons. Forensic anthropologists use such information as a guide in facial reconstruction and superimposition methods. The purpose of this study was to measure facial tissue thicknesses of adult males and females of Turkish origin across different types of occlusion, and to compare the results with each other and with values obtained for other populations. The study was conducted on 200 healthy individuals. The analysis of facial tissue thickness included 20 landmarks (10 dentoskeletal and 10 soft tissue) and 10 linear variables. Sex-based variation in facial tissue thickness was noted. The highest soft tissue thickness values were observed in the group with Class III occlusion type at Sn-A point for both the females (16.9, SD=2.4) and the males (17.8, SD=3.3). In the Class I group, the highest tissue depth was observed at Sn-A point (15.3, SD=2.1) in females, and at Li-Id point (17.1, SD=1.9) in males. In the Class II group, contrary to the findings for Class I, the highest soft tissue depth was at Li-Id point (16.0, SD=1.4) in females, and at Sn-A point (18.1, SD=2.6) in males. In conclusion, facial tissue thickness varied in adults depending on the sex and on the type of occlusion.

Unusual Relation of the Median Nerve with the Accessory Head of the Biceps Brachii Muscle: An Original Case Report

Durante una diseccion de rutina de la region anterior del brazo, se observo una relacion anormal del nervio mediano con una cabeza accesoria del musculo biceps braquial, en un miembro superior derecho de un cadaver masculino. Mientras que las cabezas larga y corta tuvieron un origen normal, una tercera cabeza se origino de la superficie anteromedial de la parte superior del cuerpo humeral. Algunas fibras de esta cabeza accesorias, se originaron del lado medial de la fascia profunda que rodea al musculo braquial. Las fibras cruzaban al nervio mediano superficialmente, antes de unirse a la tercera cabeza, la cual se inserto a traves de un tendon comun con las cabezas larga y corta. El conocimiento de tales variaciones es de importancia tanto para anatomistas o clinicos, asi como esencialmente para cirujanos plasticos en las cirugias, que se usan colgajos

Ultrastructural Examination of Glomerular and Tubular Changes in Renal Allografts with Cyclosporine Toxicity

The introduction of cyclosporine (CsA) has improved the clinical results of renal transplantation significantly; however, these improvements were closely associated with an increased incidence of renal dysfunction. The present study sought to examine the ultrastructural changes in renal allografts with CsA nephrotoxicity. Nine patients who underwent renal transplantation at the Baskent University Faculty of Medicine between 2001 and 2002 were examined; 26 biopsies of these nine patients who had received their first renal allograft were included in this study. All patients with CsA toxicity showed some form of glomerular endothelial cell injury. The swelling of mitochondria was present in three of nine renal allografts with CsA toxicity, and podocyte changes were found significantly more frequently among patients with CsA toxicity. In addition, focal segmental thickening and the duplication of glomerular basement membrane were observed statistically more frequently. In conclusion, these findings could help differentiate CsA toxicity from other conditions and develop better treatment strategies.

The Relationship between Balance, Muscles, and Anthropomorphic Features in Young Adults.

Posture can be defined as the form of the body when sitting, walking, or standing. There would be no problem if muscles interact in harmony with musculoskeletal system or nervous system. Posture analysis is crucial for clinical assessments in physical medicine and rehabilitation. However, studies into this issue are limited. In this study, the relationship between static standing balance and anthropomorphic features in healthy subjects was investigated. The study was carried out with a total of 240 students at Baskent University (116 females, 124 males) aged between 18 and 25 years. Type of balance of the subjects was determined with lateral posture analysis. Additionally, muscle shortness tests, subcutaneous fat thickness, and waist and thigh circumference were measured. As the results of lateral posture analysis, 107 subjects (71 males, 36 females) were detected to have anterior balance, 89 (41 males, 48 females) posterior balance, and 44 (12 males, 32 girls) neutral balance. Values of waist circumference, thigh circumference, and waist/thigh ratio were compared with all three balance types. A statistically significant difference was detected between these values in the subjects who had anterior balance (P < 0.05). In conclusion, a significant relationship was detected between muscle shortness, waist and thigh circumferences, and postural balance type.

Stereological Evaluation of Temporal Lobe/Telencephalon Volume in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Using the Cavalieri Principle

AIM Epilepsy is a temporary electric discharge in the brain cells due to shortterm brain function disorder. Epileptic seizures mostly stem from the temporal lobe. The prevalence is the same for women and men. It is thought that there are both microscopic- and macroscopic-level localized changes in the temporal lobe epilepsy. This study aims to assess the volumetric changes that might occur in temporal lobe epilepsy and compare these with normal brains. MATERIAL AND METHODS Volumetric assessment of temporal lobes and telencephalons was performed using the stereological method on the magnetic resonance images (MRI) of 30 female temporal lobe epilepsy patients and 30 healthy females (control group). The volume ratio of temporal lobe to the whole telencephalon was calculated by means of the Cavalieri principle over the coronal MR images of all participants. The section images were transformed into a series of images by Image j program and the measurements were performed by using a point grid. RESULTS The patient groups temporal lobe/telencephalon volumetric ratios were found to be significantly lower than that of the normal participants. CONCLUSION The pattern of temporal lobe volume decrease in TLE may be due to a combined effect of the electrical discharges during seizures and secondary damage due to disconnection.

Anatomic variations of the celiac trunk and hepatic arterial system with digital subtraction angiography.

BACKGROUND/AIMS Anatomical variation of the abdominal arteries is important. Historic and modern anatomists, radiologists, as well as surgeons have reported and accumulated anatomical variations with a morphological and clinical interest. During graft procurement and reconstruction, accidental injury of the hepatic artery is more likely in the presence of hepatic arterial variation, which can be a common clinical entity. During cadaveric dissection and diagnostic radiological imaging, various types of vascular anomalies are frequently found in human abdominal viscera, especially the celiac trunk. The aim of the present study is to determine anatomical variations in the celiac trunk and hepatic arterial system. MATERIALS AND METHODS Digital subtraction angiography data were collected from 152 consecutive donor patients (103 males and 49 females, aged between 6 and 77 years) who underwent orthotopic liver transplantation. RESULTS We examined the anatomy of the celiac trunk in a total of 152 consecutive patients. In total, 62.5% (95/152) of patients showed the classical trifurcation of the celiac trunk. Variant right hepatic arteries arising from the superior mesenteric artery were observed in 17.8% (27/152), the hepatic arteries arising from the left gastric artery were found in 13.1% (20/152), and common hepatic arteries arising from the superior mesenteric artery were observed in 6.6% (10/152) of patients. CONCLUSION These data are useful for planning and performing surgical and radiological procedures of the upper abdomen.