Rahul Vasudev

Quadricuspid Aortic Valve: A Rare Congenital Cause of Aortic Insufficiency

Quadricuspid aortic valve (QAV) is a rare congenital cardiac anomaly causing aortic regurgitation usually in the fifth to sixth decade of life. Earlier, the diagnosis was mostly during postmortem or intraoperative, but now with the advent of better imaging techniques such as transthoracic echocardiography, transesophageal echocardiography (TEE), and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, more cases are being diagnosed in asymptomatic patients. We present a case of a 39-year-old male who was found to have QAV, with the help of TEE, while undergoing evaluation for a diastolic murmur. The patient was found to have Type B QAV with moderate aortic regurgitation. We also present a brief review of classification, pathophysiology, and embryological basis of this rare congenital anomaly. The importance of diagnosing QAV lies in the fact that majority of these patients will require surgery for aortic regurgitation and close follow-up so that aortic valve replacement/repair is done before the left ventricular decompensation occurs.

Cocaine-induced very late stent thrombosis

Cocaine misuse is a known cause of acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Management of these patients has always been a challenge due to medication compliance and eventual risk of stent thrombosis. However, even cocaine misusers who are compliant with dual antiplatelet therapy have been reported to have stent thrombosis. All cases of cocaine-induced stent thrombosis reported in the literature have occurred within first year of stent placement (acute, subacute or late). We report a first case of very late stent thrombosis in a 54-year-old active cocaine misuser who presented with ST segment elevation myocardial infarction, which was successfully managed with percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. A review of all the reported cases of cocaine-induced stent thrombosis is also discussed. Given the high mortality associated with stent thrombosis, treatment option for cocaine misusers presenting with ACS should be conservative when possible. If percutaneous coronary intervention is needed, bare metal stent should be preferred.

USE OF SUPRA RENAL RETRIEVABLE INFERIOR VENA CAVA (IVC) FILTER IN CONJUNCTION WITH EKOS FOR TREATMENT OF EXTENSIVE IVC THROMBOSIS

Inferior vena cava (IVC) thrombosis is an underdiagnosed condition associated with a mortality rate approaching twice that of lower extremity deep venous thrombosis (DVT). A 49-year-old female presented to emergency room with complaint of bilateral leg and abdominal pain. Her past medical history

Delayed spontaneous recanalization of chronic total occlusion of left anterior descending artery after attempted but failed revascularization during percutaneous coronary intervention

ABSTRACT Chronic total occlusion (CTO) of coronary artery remains the Achilles heel of the interventional cardiologist and is present in a significant proportion of referrals for coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG); however, with the development and standardization of modern CTO recanalization techniques, it has been able to achieve excellent success while coping with lesions of increasing complexity. Nevertheless, failure to recanalize despite the development of new techniques still remains one of the challenges in the field of interventional cardiology. Spontaneous recanalization has been described in nonocclusive coronary artery dissections in detail; none has addressed the possibility of spontaneous recanalization after failed percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). We report a case of spontaneous but delayed recanalization of CTO of left anterior descending artery 3 years after attempted but failed revascularization during PCI.

LEFT ATRIAL VOLUME INDEX OVER LATE DIASTOLIC MITRAL ANNULAR VELOCITY: A NEW NON-INVASIVE PARAMETER FOR MEASUREMENT OF LEFT VENTRICULAR END DIASTOLIC PRESSURE

Background: Over the years many non-invasive methods for prediction of elevated left ventricular end diastolic pressure (LVEDP) have attracted attention. The aim of this study is to see the correlation between a new non-invasively obtained parameter- Left Atrial Volume Index Over Late Diastolic

A rare case of late onset saphenous vein graft spasm

ABSTRACT Spasm following coronary artery bypass graft surgery has been well established in arterial grafts, especially in grafts utilizing the internal mammary. Venous graft spasms are uncommon and are only observed in vein grafts during or soon after the coronary artery bypass surgery. It is exceedingly rare to see spasm of venous graft beyond one year of surgery. We report a 72-year-old female who had coronary artery bypass graft three years ago and presented with new onset chest pain for one month. The coronary angiogram revealed severe spasm of the proximal aspect of a patent saphenous venous graft which was relieved by intracoronary nitroglycerine. Patient was successfully managed using combination of anti-spasmodic medications (nitrates and calcium channel blockers) leading to long-term resolution of her anginal symptoms.

Embolized prostatic brachytherapy seeds mimicking acute chest pain syndromes

A 59-year-old male with a history of nonobstructive coronary artery disease, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and prostate cancer presented to the hospital with 1-day history of pleuritic chest pain. Initial workup for acute coronary event was unremarkable. Chest X-ray revealed multiple small radial densities which were linear and hyperdense, consistent with embolization of metallic seeds to the pulmonary circulation. The patient was noted to have had radioactive metallic seeds implanted for prostate cancer 6 months ago. Diagnosis of pulmonary embolization of prostatic seeds is challenging as they frequently present with chest pain mimicking acute coronary syndromes.

Diabetes mellitus treatment-Related medical knowledge among health care providers.

OBJECTIVE To compare the knowledge of physicians, residents and medical students in diagnosis, use of insulin and oral medication in management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM) working in different healthcare specialties. METHODS A cross sectional survey of faculty, residents and medical students of different subspecialties in a single center was conducted. Questionnaire consisting of 20 questions was used. These questions were designed to assess knowledge about diagnosis, nomenclature of different insulin/oral medications and management of DM. There were 4 answers to every question with only one correct answer based on ADA guidelines and most recent literature. RESULTS The overall percentage correctly answered questions was ∼74% for IM faculty, 64% for EM faculty, 71% for IM residents, 60% for FM residents, 56% for EM residents and 59% for students. Questions based on knowledge of insulin nomenclature and characteristics were answered correctly 74% of the time by IM faculty, 62% by EM faculty, 66% by IM residents, 69% by FM residents, 45% by EM residents and 49% by medical students. Questions on the use of insulin and inpatient DM management were answered correctly 66% for IM faculty, 54% for EM faculty, 66% for IM residents, 46% for FM residents, 55% for EM Residents, and 44% medical students. Questions based on oral medications and DM diagnosis were answered correctly by 81% for IM faculty, 73% for EM faculty, 78% for IM Resident, 76% FM Resident, 64% for EM residents and 79% for students. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates the need for focused educational initiatives required in all subspecialties involved in management of diabetes mellitus for safe and efficient management of diabetes mellitus.

Septal thrombus following blunt cardiac injury

Septal thrombus following blunt cardiac injury Rahul Vasudev, Upamanyu Rampal, Hiten Patel, Mahesh Bikkina & Fayez Shamoon To cite this article: Rahul Vasudev, Upamanyu Rampal, Hiten Patel, Mahesh Bikkina & Fayez Shamoon (2017) Septal thrombus following blunt cardiac injury, Acta Cardiologica, 72:2, 232-233, DOI: 10.1080/00015385.2017.1291178 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00015385.2017.1291178

Telescoping Technique to Engage Left Main Coronary Artery in a Case of Giant Aortic Aneurysm in a Geriatric Patient

We present a case of a geriatric male with giant ascending aortic aneurysm (AAA) who underwent successful coronary angiography using telescoping technique for evaluation his coronary arteries before surgery for AAA. Since the ascending aorta and root were extremely dilated, we knew it would not have been possible to engage the coronaries using regular catheters and standard technique. Hence, telescopic technique was used. Amplatz left 3 (AL3) 7F (French) guide catheter (90 cm) was initially used, and nonselective injection of contrast was done to see the coronary ostium. After that, a 5F multipurpose catheter (110 cm) was telescoped through 7F AL3 guide catheter to engage the ostium of the left main coronary artery. Using this technique, images of coronaries were obtained, and it showed minimal luminal irregularities in major epicardial coronary arteries. The patient underwent successful surgery with aortic valve replacement and excision of aneurysm with graft placement. Although this technique has been described previously in enlarged aortas, this is the first to our knowledge use of telescoping technique in giant aortic aneurysm in a geriatric patient.