Rainer W. Scora

EFFECT OF VOLATILES ON MYCELIUM GROWTH OF PENICILLIUM DIGITATUM, P. ITALICUM, AND P. ULAIENSE

More than 200 mono‐ and sesquiterpenes were evaluated by agar diffusion plate tests for their ability to inhibit the growth of three postharvest pathogenic fungi: Penicillium digitatum, P. italicum, and P. ulaiense. Major fungicidal action was observed in phenolic components like carvacrol and related homologue molecules. Etherified components like anethole, methyl chavicol and safrole exhibited less fungicidal action. Monoterpene hydrocarbons gave poor results. Fungicidal action against the three species often differed in degree of strength. Some components showed a strong fungicidal as well as fungistatic action, others only a fungistatic action. The inhibition of many components lasted for several months. In others a regression was observed as early as one week after initial scoring.

Leaf oil composition of Salvia hispanica L. from three geographical areas

ABSTRACT The leaf oil composition of Salvia hispanica L. (black chia) from plants grown in three georgraphical areas, southern California, southeastern Texas, and northwestern Argentina, was analyzed by GC/MS. Fifty-two different components were detected in varying amounts within the three samples, of which forty-two were identified. The major components detected were: β-caryophyllene, globulol, γ-muurolene, β-pinene, α-humulene, germacrene-B, and widdrol. Components with lesser amounts were β-bourbonene, linalool, valencene, and x-τcadinol. The dominant component for the Texas sample was β-caryophyllene (36%); while globulol was dominant from samples grown in California (22%) and northwestern Argentina (13%). Other components varied among the samples as well. The differences are attributed to geographical location, differing climatic conditions, and perhaps different handling of the leaf material after harvest since all plants came from the same seed source. The chia essential leaf oils are of interest f...

Distribution of essential oils in leaf tissue of an F2 population of Citrus

SummaryThe identification and distribution of 17 mono- and sesquiterpenes in an F2 population produced from selfing of an interspecific F1 hybrid is presented. A mode of inheritance for most of these components is attempted, percentages of leaf oil components and a correlation matrix are given.

Composition of Leaf Oil of Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poit.

ABSTRACT The leaf oils of Hyptis suaveolens were isolated by hydrodistillation and separated by GC. Of the 56 components separated, 47 were identified by GC/MS. Monoterpenes represented the largest portion with 1m8-cineole (38.7%), sabinene (19.9%), terpinolene (8.5%), β-pinene (6.4%), γ-terpinene (4.8%), α-pinene (2.9%), limonene (2.6%), myrcene (1.3%) andterpinen-4-ol (1.2%). Of the sesquiterpenes, the predominant were β-caryophyllene (2.5%) and germacrene-B (1.2%). All other components including the unknowns were in concentrations of less than 1%

Essential leaf oil variability in green, variegated and albino foliage of Myrtus communis

Green, variegated and albino leaves of Myrtus communis yield mono- and sesqui-terpenes which show considerable variation in their ratios when compa

Mystery of the forbidden fruit: Historical epilogue on the origin of the grapefruit,Citrus paradisi (Rutaceae)

Attempts by the early colonial settlers of Barbados to plant orchards of shaddock (pummelo,Citrus grandis) from seedlings gave rise to the grapefruit(C. paradisi), an apomictic hybrid. Early botanists misidentified the grapefruit as a variety of shaddock, confusing it with a second hybrid growing on Jamaica. The botanist who first named the species, James Macfadyen, is shown here to have described the wrong fruit as a result of such misidentifications. Citrus historians of the 20th century have been unable to confirm the existence of a legendary Captain Shaddock, said to have brought the first seeds of the shaddock to Barbados. The present authors have found a basis for the legend, identifying a Captain Chaddock who traded in the West Indies in the 17th century. In addition, they have rectified the misidentifications of the grapefruit by early botanists that have confused the literature up to the present.

Essential Leaf Oil of Persea Subgenus Eriodaphne and Closely Related Perseoid Genera

Abstract The leaf oils of Persea caerulea, P. cinerascens, P. donnell-smithii, P. lingue, P. longpipes, P. pachypoda, P. palustris, P. skutchii, Beilschmiedia miersii, B. tarairie, Litsea calicaris, Nectandra umbrosa, N. salicina, Ocotea Valeriana and O. bothrantha were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. The major components of the Persea oils were sabinene (20.1%) and β-caryophyllene (11.0%) in P. caerulea; α-phellandrene (24.9%) and α-terpinene (18.9%) in P. cinerascena; α-pinene (20.5%), β-pinene (16.9%) and germacrene D (24.3%) in P. donnell-smithii; sabinene (14.5%), β-carophyllene (11.3%), germacrene D (11.6%) and Γ-cadinene (18.6%) in P. lingue; β-caryophyllene (6.5%) and α-humulene ((7.3%) in P. longpipes; β-terpinene (12.6%) and camphor (29.3%) in P. pachypoda; 1,8-cineole (33.7%) and camphor (10.2%) in P. palustris and α-pinene (14.8%), 1,8-cineole (12.3%), Γ-terpinene (12.8%) and germacrene D (12.2%) in P. skutchii. The oils of Beilschmiedia miersii and B. tarairie were found to be rich in α-terpinene (10.0%) and germacrene D (24.8%), and α-pinene (17.8%) and germacrene D (6.6%), respectively. Litsea calicaris oil contained δ-cadinene (38.2%) and T-muurolol (28.7%) as main constituents. The main constituents of the oils of Nectandra umbrosa and N. salicina were methoxsalen (24.5% and 30.1%) and indene (14.7% and 22.5%), respectively. The oils of Ocotea Valeriana and O. botrantha were found to be rich in 1,4-cineole (19.6%) and (Z)-anethole (13.4%), and δ-elemene (11.2%), β-caryophyllene (13.4%) and germacrene D (35.2%), respectively.

The essentials oil of Poncirus trifoliata (L.) raf. and its selections in relation to classification

Abstract A gas-liquid chromatographic analysis of the essential oils of Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf. was made to determine the percentage of such oils in the rind, pulp and leaf of Poncirus, to ascertain the variation that exists within and between strains of Poncirus, and to study the changes in the essential rind oil composition occurring during maturation.

Essential Oils of Persea subgenus Persea (Lauraceae)

Abstract The leaf oils of nine taxa in the genus Persea, subgenus Persea were examined by GC/MS. The taxa were Persea schiedeana, P. primatogena, P. americana var. floccosa, P. americana. var. steyermarkii, P. americana var. nubigena, P. americana var. drymifolia, P. americana var. guatemalensis, P. americana var. americana and the chemovar, “aguacate de anis.” Analysis of oils showed the presence of over 90 components, of which 76 were identified. P. schiedeana oil was found to contain α-pinene (23.7%), β-pinene (23.2%) and β-caryophyllene as major components. The major constituents of P. americana var. floccosa and P. americana var. steyermarkii were α-pinene (10.9%, 7.6%), β-pinene (20.6%, 10.4%), α-terpineol (9.6%, 7.9%), β-caryophyllene (12.6%, 8.4%), viridiflorene (0.1%, 10.3%) and globulol (0.1%, 9.2%), respectively. The oils of P. americana var. nubigena and P. americana var. drymifolia contained α-terpineol (18.4%, 393%) and methylchavicol (12.4%, 40.2%), as major components, respectively. P. americana var. guatemalensis was found to be rich in β-caryophyllene (38.3%), while the oils of P. americana var. americana and P. primatogena contained α-pinene (27.5%) and β-pinene (40.9%), and α-pinene (24.6%), β-caryophyllene (20.7%) and germacene D (10.1%). Finally, the oil of the chemovar “aguacate de anis” contained methyl chavicol (13.9%) and (E)-anethole (67.0%) as major components.

Leaf Oils of Two New Avocado Varieties Endemic to Costa Rica

Abstract The leaf oils of two new montane varieties of Persea americana, endemic to Costa Rica were examined by GC/MS. The analysis of the volatiles showed the presence of 78 components, of which 62 were identified. Persea americana var. tilaranensis oil was characterized by a-phellandrene (14%), β-caryophyllene (21%), germacrene D (14%), β-elemene (8%) and valencene (5%). P. americanavar. costaricensis oils were characterized by germacrene D (26%), β-caryophyllene (21%), valencene (14%), α-phellandrene (3%) and β-elemene (3%).