Raivo Stern

Magnetic-field-induced condensation of triplons in Han Purple pigment BaCuSi2O6.

Besides being an ancient pigment, BaCuSi2O6 is a quasi-2D magnetic insulator with a gapped spin dimer ground state. The application of strong magnetic fields closes this gap, creating a gas of bosonic spin triplet excitations. The topology of the spin lattice makes BaCuSi2O6 an ideal candidate for studying the Bose-Einstein condensation of triplet excitations as a function of the external magnetic field, which acts as a chemical potential. In agreement with quantum Monte Carlo numerical simulations, we observe a distinct lambda anomaly in the specific heat together with a maximum in the magnetic susceptibility upon cooling down to liquid helium temperatures.

Cryogenic NMR spectroscopy of endohedral hydrogen-fullerene complexes

We have observed 1H NMR spectra of hydrogen molecules trapped inside modified fullerene cages under cryogenic conditions. Experiments on static samples were performed at sample temperatures down to 4.3 K, while magic-angle-spinning (MAS) experiments were performed at temperatures down to 20 K at spinning frequencies of 15 kHz. Both types of NMR spectra show a large increase in the intramolecular 1H-1H dipolar coupling at temperatures below 50 K, revealing thermal selection of a small number of spatial rotational states. The static and MAS spectra were compared to estimate the degree of sample heating in high-speed cryogenic MAS-NMR experiments. The cryogenic MAS-NMR data show that the site resolution of magic-angle-spinning NMR may be combined with the high signal strength of cryogenic operation and that cryogenic phenomena may be studied with chemical site selectivity.

Hysteresis Losses in Sintered NdFeB Permanent Magnets in Rotating Electrical Machines

Permanent magnet (PM) materials are nowadays widely used in the electrical machine manufacturing industry. The eddy-current loss models of PMs used in electrical machines are frequently discussed in research papers. In magnetic steel materials we have, in addition to eddy-current losses, there are hysteresis losses when alternating current or a rotating flux travels through the material. Should a similar phenomenon be also taken into account in calculating the losses of PMs? Every now and then, authors seem to assume that some significant hysteresis losses are present in rotating machine PMs. This paper studies the mechanisms of possible hysteresis losses in PMs and their role in PMs when used in rotating electrical machines.

Structural, dielectric, magnetic, and nuclear magnetic resonance studies of multiferroic Y-type hexaferrites

The effect of strontium substitution on structural, magnetic, and dielectric properties of a multiferroic Y-type hexaferrite (chemical formula Ba2−xSrxMg2Fe12O22 with 0 ≤ x ≤ 2) was investigated. Y-type hexaferrite phase formation was not affected by strontium substitution for barium, in the range 0 ≤ x ≤ 1.5, confirmed by x-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy measured at room temperature. Two intermediate magnetic spin phase transitions (at tempertures TI and TII) and a ferrimagnetic-paramagnetic transition (at Curie temperature TC) were identified from the temperature dependence of the magnetic susceptibility. Magnetic transition temperatures (TI, TII, and TC) increased with increasing strontium content. Magnetic hysteresis measurements indicated that by increasing strontium concentration, the coercivity increases, while the saturation magnetization decreases. The 57Fe NMR spectrum of the Y-type hexaferrite measured at 5 K and in zero magnetic field showed remarkable differences compared to that of o...

Jahn-Teller orbital glass state in the expanded fcc Cs3C60 fulleride

The most expanded fcc-structured alkali fulleride, Cs3C60, is a Mott insulator at ambient pressure because of the weak overlap between the frontier t1u molecular orbitals of the C603− anions. It has a severely disordered antiferromagnetic ground state that becomes a superconductor with a high critical temperature, Tc of 35 K upon compression. The effect of the localised t1u3 electronic configuration on the properties of the material is not well-understood. Here we study the relationship between the intrinsic crystallographic C603− orientational disorder and the molecular Jahn–Teller (JT) effect dynamics in the Mott insulating state. The high-resolution 13C magic-angle-spinning (MAS) NMR spectrum at room temperature comprises three peaks in the intensity ratio 1:2:2 consistent with the presence of three crystallographically-inequivalent carbon sites in the fcc unit cell and revealing that the JT-effect dynamics are fast on the NMR time-scale of 10−5 s despite the presence of the frozen-in C603− merohedral disorder disclosed by the 133Cs MAS NMR fine splitting of the tetrahedral and octahedral 133Cs resonances. Cooling to sub-liquid-nitrogen temperatures leads to severe broadening of both the 13C and 133Cs MAS NMR multiplets, which provides the signature of an increased number of inequivalent 13C and 133Cs sites. This is attributed to the freezing out of the C603− JT dynamics and the development of a t1u electronic orbital glass state guided by the merohedral disorder of the fcc structure. The observation of the dynamic and static JT effect in the Mott insulating state of the metrically cubic but merohedrally disordered Cs3C60 fulleride in different temperature ranges reveals the intimate relation between charge localization, magnetic ground state, lifting of electronic degeneracy, and orientational disorder in these strongly-correlated systems.

Spatial modulation of the NMR properties of the cuprates

Abstract Substantial temperature dependent spatial modulation of the O and Cu NMR parameters of La 1.85 Sr 0.15 CuO 4 from 10 K to 300K are reported. The length scale of the modulations is only a few lattice distances. Analysis of the planar oxygen lineshape shows that modulations of the Knight shift and quadrupole coupling are correlated. The Cu spectra reveal a strong modulation of chemical shift. Similar results on other cuprates indicate universality of these phenomena.

NMR Evidence for Spatial Modulations in the Cuprates

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) data on Cu, apical and planar O in La1.85Sr0.15CuO4 are presented. Spin echo double resonance shows that the large Cu magnetic shift distribution is of short-length scale. Analysis of the O data reveals static modulations of the spin susceptibility with a spin–spin correlation function near zero. The Cu shift distribution is found to be of orbital origin. The full planar oxygen spectra show a correlated modulation of the electric field gradient with the spin susceptibility. Similar results on other cuprates indicate universality of these phenomena.

Magnetic anisotropy in the frustrated spin-chain compound β-TeVO4

Isotropic and anisotropic magnetic behavior of the frustrated spin-chain compound

NMR evidence for a strong modulation of the Bose-Einstein Condensate in BaCuSi

\ensuremath{\beta}\ensuremath{-}{\mathrm{TeVO}}_{4}

_2

is reported. Three magnetic transitions observed in zero magnetic field are tracked in fields applied along different crystallographic directions using magnetization, heat capacity, and magnetostriction measurements. Qualitatively different temperature-field diagrams are obtained below 10 T for the field applied along