Raja Azadar Hussain

Synthesis, Chemical Characterisation, and DNA Binding Studies of Ferrocene-Incorporated Selenoureas

In this article we have presented the synthesis, chemical characterisation (by NMR and FTIR spectroscopy, atomic absorption spectrophotometry, elemental analysis, and single crystal X-ray diffraction), electrochemistry, and DNA binding studies (with cyclic voltammetry, viscometry, and UV-vis spectroscopy) of six new ferrocene incorporated selenoureas. All the six compounds interact electrostatically with DNA which was evident by a negative shift in the cyclic voltammetry peak potential of the drug–DNA adduct relative to the free drug. The drug–DNA binding constant was calculated by a decrease in peak current after the addition of DNA to the free drug. We have also reported binding site sizes and diffusion coefficients of the synthesised compounds.

Guanidines from ‘toxic substances’ to compounds with multiple biological applications – Detailed outlook on synthetic procedures employed for the synthesis of guanidines

Guanidines to begin with, were thought of being harmful substances associated with medical ailment. With the advent of World War I and the impact it left on the populations at large research focus was shifted, towards polymer synthesis and that too on plastics and rubbers which were mostly employed in various artillery equipments. In the surge, to get plastics and rubbers with enhanced mechanical properties, many variedly substituted guanidines used as accelerators in vulcanization of polymers were synthesized using different procedures. Continuous research on guanidines, led scientists to develop different protocols and routes for the synthesis of these compounds, later these were tested for their possible use in various areas and now these are sought for their enhanced biomedical and catalytic applications. This review article presents thirty six different synthetic procedures employed for the synthesis of guanidines over the years including seventy schemes and a brief account on the reported wide ranging applications of some novel guanidines.

Synthesis, chemical characterization, DNA binding, antioxidant, antibacterial, and antifungal activities of ferrocence incorporated selenoureas.

Ferrocene‐incorporated selenoureas 1‐(4‐methoxybenzoyl)‐3‐(4‐ferrocenylphenyl)selenourea (P4Me), 1‐(3‐methoxybenzoyl)‐3‐(4‐ferrocenylphenyl)selenourea (P3Me), and 1‐(2‐methoxybenzoyl)‐3‐(4‐ferrocenylphenyl)selenourea (P2Me) were synthesized and characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, atomic absorption spectroscopy, CHNS, and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. DNA interaction of the compounds was investigated with cyclic voltammetry, UV–visible spectroscopy, and viscometry, which is a prerequisite for anticancer agents. Drug‐DNA binding constant was found to vary in the sequence: KP4Me (4.9000 × 104 M−1) > KP2Me (2.318 × 104 M−1) > KP3Me (1.296 × 104 M−1). Antioxidant (1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl), antifungal (against Faussarium solani and Helmentosporium sativum), and antibacterial (against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus subtilis) activities have also been reported in addition.

New supramolecular ferrocene incorporated N,N′-disubstituted thioureas: synthesis, characterization, DNA binding, and antioxidant studies

Ferrocene incorporated N,N′-disubstituted thioureas (S1–S6) were synthesized by allowing 4-ferrocenyl-3-methylaniline to react with freshly prepared aliphatic isothiocyanates and were characterized by using different analytical techniques. Based on single-crystal X-ray analysis compound S1 shows supramolecular structure mediated by secondary bonding interactions, intermolecular hydrogen bonding NH–O, NH–S, and secondary non-covalent interactions (π–H). Voltammetric measurements were used to study their redox behavior and DNA binding of the compounds. Different binding parameters like binding constants, binding energies, and diffusion coefficients (Do) were calculated for further insight on the affinity with DNA. All the compounds show electrostatic mode of interactions. The Do of molecule-DNA adducts were found to be lower than that of free molecule. Compounds S1–S6 having 50% inhibition values less than 37.89 μg mL−1 indicate that they may have value as antioxidants to be used as therapeutic agents. Graphical Abstract This research article describes the synthesis, structural characterization, electrochemistry, nature and extent of binding with the DNA and free radical scavenging activity of new ferrocene based N, N′-disubstituted thioureas.

Effect of surfactants on the morphology of FeSe films fabricated from a single source precursor by aerosol assisted chemical vapour deposition

AbstractThis article presents the fabrication of FeSe thin films from a single source precursor namely (1-(2-fluorobenzoyl)-3-(4-ferrocenyl-3-methylphenyl)selenourea (MeP2F)) by aerosol assisted chemical vapour deposition (AACVD). All the films were prepared via similar experimental conditions (temperature, flow rate, concentration, solvent system and reactor type) except the use of three different concentrations of two different surfactants i.e., triton and span. Seven thin films were characterized with PXRD, SEM, AFM, EDS and EDS mapping. The mechanism of the interaction of surfactant with MeP2F was determined with cyclic voltammetry (CV) and UV-Vis spectroscopy. Graphical AbstractMorphological studies of FeSe thin films fabricated from a single source ferrocene-incorporated selenourea precursor under the influence of two surfactants viz., triton and span are presented.

Aerosol-Assisted Chemical Vapour Deposition for Iron Selenide Thin Films from Single Source Ferrocene-Incorporated Selenourea Precursor in the Presence of Surfactants

This article presents the synthesis and characterisation (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectroscopy, CHNS (carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, sulfur) analysis, atomic absorption spectrometry, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction) of a single source molecular precursor 1-(2-fluorolbenzoyl)-3-(3-ferrocenylphenyl)selenourea (M2F). This precursor has been used for the fabrication of FeSe thin films by aerosol-assisted chemical vapour deposition (AACVD) in the presence of different concentrations of two different surfactants (triton and span) keeping all other conditions the same. Fabricated thin films have been characterised with powder X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The interaction of the surfactants with the precursor (M2F) has been evaluated with cyclic voltammetry and UV–vis spectroscopy.

Ferrocene incorporated selenoureas as anticancer agents

For a compound to be a best chemopreventive agent it should be a descent DNA binder and at the same time should be active against any of the three stages of carcinogenesis i.e. cancer initiation, cancer propagation and tumor growth. Most of the problems associated with chemotherapy can be overcome if the chemopreventive agent is active against all the three stages of cancer development. Cancer may be initiated by higher concentration of free radicals, inflammating agents and phase I enzymes (Cytochrome P450) in the body. Cancer propagation can be very efficiently controlled by inducing the phase II enzymes (glutathione S-transferases (GSTs), UDP-glucuronosyl transferases, and quinone reductases) in the body and cancer termination depends on the killing of the faulty cells i.e. cytotoxic actions. This article reports comprehensively the comparative DNA binding studies (with, cyclic voltammetry, UV-vis spectroscopy and viscometry), antioxidant activities (DPPH scavenging), anti-inflammatory activities (nitrite inhibition), phase I enzyme inhibition activities (aromatase inhibition), phase II enzyme induction studies (quinone reductase induction) and cytotoxic studies against neuroblastoma (MYCN2 and SK-N-SH), liver cancer (Hepa 1c1c7) and breast cancer (MCF-7) of seventeen ferrocene incorporated selenoureas.

Functional metal sulfides and selenides for the removal of hazardous dyes from Water

Water contamination by organic dyes, is among the most alarming threats to healthy green environment. Complete removal of organic dyes is necessary to make water healthy for drinking, cooking, and for other useful aspects. Recently use of nanotechnology for removing organic dyes, became fruitful because of high surface to volume ratio and adsorption properties. Among these materials, metal chalcogenides emerge as new class of active materials for water purification. In this review article, we gathered information related to sulfide and selenide based nanomaterials which include metal sulfides and selenides, their binary composites, and use of different capping agents and dopants for enhancing photocatalysis. We have discussed in detail, about adsorption power of different dyes, relative percentage degradation, reaction time and concentration.

Comparative DNA binding and antioxidant studies of acetyl and benzoyl substituted ferrocene incorporated selenoureas

In this article we have reported synthesis, chemical characterization (1H and 13C NMR, FTIR, CHNS, AAS), DNA binding (with cyclic voltammetry, UV-vis spectroscopy, viscometry and molecular docking) and antioxidant (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging) activities of two ferrocene incorporated selenoureas namely 1-benzoyl-3-(4-ferrocenylphenyl)selenourea (PB) and 1-acetyl-3-(4-ferrocenylphenyl)selenourea (PA). PA has a DNA binding constant value of 4.510 × 104 M−1 which is lower than DNA binding constant of PB (7.691 × 104 M−1). DNA binding constant was calculated by a decrease in the peak current of compound-DNA adduct relative to the free compound in cyclic voltammetry. Diffusion coefficient of free PA is 1.14 × 10−5 cm2 s−1 which is greater than diffusion coefficient of PA-DNA adduct (2.1 × 10−6 cm2 s−1) and same is the case with free PB (5.41 × 10−5 cm2 s−1) and PB-DNA adduct (4.57 × 10−5 cm2 s−1). IC50 value of PA (50 μM) was found lower than PB (130 μM) for DPPH scavenging.