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Dive into the research topics where Rajaiah Shenbagarathai is active.

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Featured researches published by Rajaiah Shenbagarathai.


Fish & Shellfish Immunology | 2014

Immunostimulation by poly-β hydroxybutyrate–hydroxyvalerate (PHB–HV) from Bacillus thuringiensis in Oreochromis mossambicus

Ponnusamy Suguna; Chandrasekaran Binuramesh; Periyasamy Abirami; Viswanathan Saranya; Kkani Poornima; V. Rajeswari; Rajaiah Shenbagarathai

The present study was designed to test the immunostimulatory efficacy of poly-β hydroxybutyrate-hydroxyvalerate (PHB-HV) extracted from Bacillus thuringiensis B.t.A102 on the immune system of Oreochromis mossambicus. Fish were fed with 0%, 1%, 3% or 5% PHB-HV supplemented feed and were bled at regular intervals of 5 days. The specific immune response was measured in terms of antibody response to sheep red blood cells, the nonspecific immune mechanisms were analysed in terms of serum lysozyme activity, total peroxidases activity and antiprotease activity. The overall functional immunity was tested by experimental challenge with live virulent Aeromonas hydrophila. The results revealed that all the doses of PHB-HV supplementation in feed were effective in stimulating both specific and nonspecific immune mechanisms. The bacterial challenge experiment showed that highest dose of 5% PHB-HV supplementation was more effective than 1% and 3% doses. The study concludes that PHB-HV can be used as a potential immunostimulant in finfish aquaculture.


Journal of Applied Microbiology | 2010

Identification of native Bacillus thuringiensis strain from South India having specific cytocidal activity against cancer cells.

K. Poornima; P. Selvanayagam; Rajaiah Shenbagarathai

Aim:  To identify the parasporin‐producing, indigenous Bacillus thuringiensis strains that specifically targets human cancer cells in Madurai, Tamil Nadu, South India.


Journal of Biomolecular Structure & Dynamics | 2009

Sequence analysis, structure prediction, and functional validation of phaC1/phaC2 genes of Pseudomonas sp. LDC-25 and its importance in polyhydroxyalkanoate accumulation.

Kabilan Sujatha; Ayyasamy Mahalakshmi; Daniel K. Y. Solaiman; Rajaiah Shenbagarathai

Abstract Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are attractive biomaterials in both conventional medical devices and tissue engineering. PHA synthase is responsible for catalyzing the formation of Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), but its structural information is limited. Hence, this study focuses to predict 3D model for phaC1 and phaC2 genes of field-soil strain Pseudomonas sp. LDC-25 and to validate the functional properties through in vitro studies. The phaC1/phaC2 genes were amplified, cloned, and sequenced. The sequence analysis showed > 90% homology to phaC loci and presence of α/β hydrolase fold, but phaC2 loci of LDC-25 exhibits variation in the conserved residue (Ser is replaced by Ala). Threading approach demonstrated that Carboxylesterase (d1tqha) can be used as the modeling template. The predicted models showed the presence of conserved residues at 122 (G), 205 (S), and 236 (S). In vitro studies also supported that PHA accumulation ability was less in Pseudomonas sp. LDC-25 compared to other field isolate, Pseudomonas sp. LDC-5. FT-IR spectrum showed PHA specific peaks at 1735.62 cm−1. Results of this study would help to detect the functional domains of the protein in order to elucidate their structure/function characteristics with special emphasis on invariant conserved residues.


Brazilian Journal of Microbiology | 2011

Production and characterization of PHA from recombinant E. coli harbouring phaC1 gene of indigenous Pseudomonas sp. LDC-5 using molasses

Saranya; Rajaiah Shenbagarathai

Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) are biodegradable and biocompatible green thermoplastics, synthesized by wide variety of bacteria as an intracellular carbon and energy storage intermediate. They are used as an alternative to nonrenewable petroleum derived plastics. The current interest in these biopolyesters is stimulated by the search for cost-effective capitalized production. This paper attempts to achieve maximized production rate from recombinant system using inexpensive substrate. Molasses from agro-industrial waste was used to produce PHA from recombinant E.coli in batch culture. PHA yield in molasses (3.06g/L ± 0.05-75.5%) was higher than that of sucrose (2.5g/L ± 0.05 - 65.1%). Properties of the polymer produced from molasses and sucrose were analyzed by DSC, TGA, DTA, GC/MS, TLC and optical rotation studies. The findings suggested that molasses enhanced PHA production in recombinant E.coli.


Journal of Biomolecular Structure & Dynamics | 2010

Homology Modeling of Cry10Aa Toxin from B. thuringiensis israelensis and B. thuringiensis subsp. LDC-9

Ayyasamy Mahalakshmi; Rajaiah Shenbagarathai

Abstract A three dimensional model was developed for CrylOAa protein sequence of B. thuringiensis LDC-9 and B. thuringiensis israelensis that has not been solved empirically by X-ray crystallography or NMR. Homology modeling was employed for the structure prediction using Cry2Aa as template protein, a high-resolution X-ray crystallography structure. The model predicted for the B. thuringiensis LDC-9 Cry10Aa protein reveals a partial N-terminal domain only due to its partial sequence of 104 amino acids. B. thuringiensis israelensis Cry10Aa model contains three domains such as domain I, a bundle of eight α helices with the central relatively hydrophobic helix surrounded by amphipathic helices while domain II and III contain mostly β-sheets. Significant structural differences within domain II in this model among all Cry protein structures indicates that it is involved in recognition and binding to cell surfaces. Comparison of B. thuringiensis israelensis predicted structure with available experimentally determined Cry structures reveals identical folds. The distribution of electrostatic potential on the surface of the molecules in the model is non-uniform and identifies one side of the α-helical domain as negatively charged indicating orientation of toxic molecules toward the cell membrane during the initial binding with a cell surface receptor. The collective knowledge of Cry toxin structures will lead to a more critical understanding of the structural basis for receptor binding and pore formation, as well as allowing the scope of diversity to be better appreciated. This model will serve as a starting point for the design of mutagenesis experiments aimed to improve the toxicity and to provide a new tool for the elucidation of the mechanism of action of these mosquitocidal proteins.


Letters in Applied Microbiology | 2006

A study on medium chain length‐polyhydroxyalkanoate accumulation in Escherichia coli harbouring phaC1 gene of indigenous Pseudomonas sp. LDC‐5

Kabilan Sujatha; Rajaiah Shenbagarathai

Aims:  This study is mainly focused on the heterologous expression and accumulation of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) in Escherichia coli.


Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A | 2014

Indigenously produced polyhydroxyalkanoate based co‐polymer as cellular supportive biomaterial

A. Shabna; Viswanathan Saranya; J. Malathi; Rajaiah Shenbagarathai; H. N. Madhavan

The focus of this study was to evaluate the growth of the cells on a scaffold based on novel polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) (Polyhydroxy propionate copoly hydroxy ocatadecanoate copolymer), derived from a mutant strain of Pseudomonas sp. Naive PHA was also blended with several biodegradable polymeric materials (PEG, PLA, and MMT) to improve the scaffold properties. Protein adsorption study was done to evaluate the capability of scaffolds for cellular interaction. PHA:PEG blended scaffold showed better adsorption than others. 3T3 fibroblast cultures on various polymers were equally viable when compared with control culture except for the blend PHA:MMT by CCK 8 kit. MTT assay, performed with the continuous cultures HeLa, HEp-2, Vero, and McCoy on the polymer blends, supported the above finding. Among the blends PHA:PEG showed increased viability and was selected for further studies. Cell proliferation assay with colorimetric BrdU ELISA kit showed increase in cell proliferation over the matrix PHA:PEG than that of control. There were no observable morphological changes of continuous cells grown over matrix PHA:PEG when observed by phase contrast microscopy. HEp-2 cells were enclosed within the matrix when analyzed by SEM. The current study states that the scaffold prepared by using the indigenous PHA in combination with PEG supports cell growth better than the conventional plastic surface. PHA:PEG would be a promising material for tissue engineering.


Journal of Biomolecular Structure & Dynamics | 2013

Identification of structural motifs in the E2 glycoprotein of Chikungunya involved in virus-host interaction.

J. Asnet Mary; R. Paramasivan; B.K. Tyagi; M. Surender; Rajaiah Shenbagarathai

Chikungunya fever is one of the reemerging vector-borne diseases. It has become a major global health problem especially in the developing countries. There are no vaccines or specific antiviral drugs available to date. This study reports small molecule inhibitors of envelope glycoprotein 2 (E2 glycoprotein) which are predicted based on Chikungunya virus–host interactions. E2 glycoprotein of Chikungunya virus interacts at 216 residue of the host receptor protein which plays a vital role in initiating infection. Understanding the structural aspects of E2 glycoprotein is crucial to develop specific inhibitors to prevent the virus binding from host receptors. In silico method was adopted to predict the sequence motifs of envelope protein, as the method like yeast two hybrid system is laborious, time consuming, and costly. The E2 glycoprotein structure of the Indian isolate was modeled using two templates (2XFC and 3JOC) and then validated. The class III PDZ domain binding motif was found to be identified at 213–216 amino acids. The corresponding peptide structures which recognize the PDZ domain binding motif were identified by the literature search and were used for generating five point pharmacophore model (ADDDR) containing acceptor, donor and aromatic ring features. Databases such as Asinex, TosLab and Maybridge were searched for the matches for the predicted pharmacophore model. Two compounds were identified as lead molecules as their glide score is > 5 kcal/mol. Since the pharmacophore model is developed based on Chikungunya virus–host interaction, it can be used for designing promising antiviral lead compounds for the treatment of Chikungunya fever.An animated Interactive 3D Complement (I3DC) is available in Proteopedia at http://proteopedia.org/w/Journal:JBSD:21


Bioinformation | 2012

MEDDB: a medicinal plant database developed with the information gathered from tribal people in and around Madurai, Tamil Nadu.

John Asnet Mary; Karuppiah Chandran Priyadharshini; Gurusamy Prabakaran Rubia Amal; Gunasekaran Ramya; Radhakrishnan Nithya; Morkondam Balasubramanian Ambika; Rajaiah Shenbagarathai

Tribal peoples are endowed with enriched traditional wisdom to use available nature resources around them. They are well versed in the usage of plant for treating various diseases. They have used powder or extract or paste form of the plant parts such as root, shoot, whole plant, fruits and leaves etc. The recipe known by the tribal people was passed on only to their family members and community through mouth to mouth practice. Hence, the knowledge is confined to particular people alone. It is always expedient to store information in the database, so that it will be accessible by everyone from everywhere. To achieve this, MEDDB has been developed, which stores the details of 110 plant species that are commonly used by tribes for fever, asthma, cold, cough, diabetes, diarrhea, dysentery, eye infections, stomach ache, wounds and snake bite. The details of each plant were collected from the literature and through web search to give comprehensive and exhaustive information. Each plant entry is compiled under the subheadings viz., common name, classification, physical characteristics, medicinal uses, active constituents, and references.


Bioinformation | 2012

Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of B.t.LDC-391 strain that produce cytocidal proteins against human cancer cells.

Kkani Poornima; Viswanathan Saranya; Periyasamy Abirami; Chandrasekaran Binuramesh; Ponnusamy Suguna; Peter Selvanayagam; Rajaiah Shenbagarathai

An indigenous Bacillus thuringiensis strain B.t.LDC-391 producing cytocidal proteins against human colon cancer cell line, HCT-116, was subjected to phenotypic and genotypic characterization to evaluate its relatedness to B.anthracis. The morphological features of this strain were meta-analyzed with data of other parasporin and insecticidal protein producing Bacillus thuringiensis strains. The conventional biochemical analysis and antibiotic sensitivity test proved it as an ampicillin resistant which is a salient feature, absent in B.anthracis Ames. PCR analysis showed the absence of cyt and parasporin related genes in the genome of B.t.LDC-391. But the strain was positive for cap gene. The sequencing and bio-informatic analysis of cap gene and 16S rDNA of B.t.LDC-391 placed it closer to B.thuringiensis and revealed significant divergence from that of any B.anthracis strain. However our strain lacked β– hemolysis on human erythrocytes which is a common feature of B.anthracis strains and parasporin producers.

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