Rajarshi Sanyal

Smart mobile networks with intelligent physical layer actuating mobility management

The factors that will drive the ontogenesis of next generation mobile networks namely are the evolution of the mobile devices and ever incremental demand for data traffic triggered by the proliferation of smart phones and the dongles. Apprehending an exponential growth in numbers of the mobile users, the cell size of the mobile network will shrink. Eventually, there will be an upsurge of signalling messages interchanged between the device and the network due to an increase in handover related operations. Attempt should be made to reduce the interaction with the network and to simplify the mobility and location management related processes. Also to consider is the ever increasing demand for data traffic triggered by the new generation mobile devices. In this paper, we set out a technical architecture of a mobile network to abridge the intricate mobility and location management processes as well as the addressing principle to render more operational efficiency and cater to the needs of the data hungry applications that we envisage for the next generation devices and networks.

Rendering Intelligence at Physical Layer for Smart Addressing and Multiple Access

The primary objective of this work is to propose a technique of wireless communication, where we render intelligence to the physical layer. We aim to realize a physical layer that can take part in some processes which is otherwise confined to higher layer signalling activities, like for example addressing of a node. For a typical closed user group type of network, we propose a multiple access mechanism and network topology which will not only eliminate the need of intelligent core network equipments in the network area , but to use this intelligent physical layer to directly reach any node over the air interface in the coverage area. This system is presence agnostic, hence the network is not aware of the exact location of the mobile node in the network area. So the mobility management process is not to be seen here. Also the network does not follow any cellular topology. This paper addresses the fundamentals behind the proposed multiple access scheme and draws out the benefits compared to the existing multiple access processes based on cellular approach.

Challenges for Coexistence of Machine to Machine and Human to Human Applications in Mobile Network: Concept of Smart Mobility Management

A key factor for the evolution of the mobile networks towards 4G is to bring to fruition high bandwidth per mobile node. Eventually, due to the advent of a new class of applications, namely, Machine-to-Machine, we foresee new challenges where bandwidth per user is no more the primal driver. As an immediate impact of the high penetration of M2M devices, we envisage a surge in the signaling messages for mobility and location management. The cell size will shrivel due to high tele-density resulting in even more signaling messages related to handoff and location updates. The mobile network should be evolved to address various nuances of the mobile devices used by man and machines. The bigger question is as follows. Is the state-of-the-art mobile network designed optimally to cater both the Human-to-Human and Machine-to-Machine applications? This paper presents the primary challenges for the coexistence of M2M and H2H devices in a mobile network and draws emphasis for revisiting the mobility management aspects and congestion control in the-state-of-the-art network. Further, we set out a mobile network architecture with smart mobility management which aims to reduce the signaling interaction between the device and the network to optimise the power and bandwidth.

Nano mobile network based on smart location management and addressing

There has been a significant emphasis on applications of nanotechnology in mobile communications, especially, to redesign the mobile devices for M2M and P2P applications. Due to constraints in power output and an apprehension for explosive growth in nano devices in future, the cell size of the mobile network will shrink. This will lead to a rise in signalling messages interchanged between the device and the network due to an increase in handover related operations. Attempt should be made to reduce the interaction with the network and to simplify the mobility and location management processes. Also, to be considered is the ever increasing demand for data traffic triggered by the proliferation of new generation mobile devices. This paper presents a mobile network architecture based on a novel addressing principle to make more efficient and less complex the mobility and location management processes.

Closed User Group Automotive Communication Network Based on Addressing at Physical Layer

Intelligent Vehicle communication is the keyword for the emerging vehicular technologies such as group cooperative driving, real time Engine Operating parameters EOP monitoring, collision warning, geo location based mobility applications, and classical voice and data conveyance. The technologies require extensive interaction between the peers which mostly use the framework of the state of the art cellular or radio trunking networks. This may vitiate the network performance due to the surge in mobility management messages originated by the devices plugged in the vehicles. The performance may be severely impacted due to the unique characteristics of vehicular networks e.g., high mobility. Due to the high proliferation of these Machine to Machine M2M and Machine to Application M2A devices in near future, the cell sizes will shrink, resulting in more signalling messages in the network. Considering classical voice communication services for typical car fleet implementations, the radio trunking networks have capacity constrains due to inability of frequency reuse and absence of mobility management techniques. The alternative is to seek out an access technology considering the fact that a more intelligent physical layer can be employed directly for addressing and mobility management. In this paper the authors address a Closed User Group network implementation for Vehicle to Vehicle/central office communication which can actuate voice and data communication without incorporating any application layer.

Progressive Streaming of Video Data for Traffic Surveillance

Traffic surveillance has been one of the essential attributes in smart city concept. Nowadays, in such applications rotating camera is preferred over static camera. Motivation behind this substitution is to reduce the cost of data transmission and Total of cost of ownership. To design an optimal and performant wireless ‘smart city area network’ for video surveillance systems, this paper focuses on some key areas, namely, transmission efficiency, lossless video data coding, data congestion, edge computing at transmission nodes. The end objective is to achieve high quality received video stream in spite of compressed data transmission. Some research initiatives in this domain are pertinent. For example, Structural Similarity Index (SSIM) based rate distortion optimization is an effective tool in enhancing the perceptual video quality in wireless environments. However, prevailing system does not consider the network congestion conditions, affecting quality of received video. Also, effect of distortion introduced by ‘channel noise’ is unattended. This motivated us to propose a new dual metric traffic control mechanism, wherein both metrics i.e. distortion and data congestion are considered. It is based on an ‘improvised SSIM’ method which incorporates the ‘Rate of allocation’ algorithm as a function. Experimental results unveil that the proposed traffic control using similarity index under noise diversity can achieve better video quality and more data throughput.

The Networkless Network

The advancements in semiconductor technologies had a significant impact on the evolution of the mobile networks and the devices. With the advent of smartphones, it is now possible for telephony and VAS to be rendered by platforms which are not a part of the mobile network itself but powered by ‘Over the Top’ players like Whatsapp. The mobile network as it stands today, plays the role of delivering the fat pipe to the mobile users required for these applications. The network itself is lesser involved in delivering VAS to its users. Never the less, we still need a network to serve its mobile users. Is it feasible for a mobile device to communicate with another mobile device bypassing the mobile network for all services and agnostic to the distance between the devices? Staying within the framework of 5G, ‘Device to Device’ communication may be possible but only when the devices are in proximity with each other. It is imperative that we need to explore the feasibility to develop a solution where the devices can communicate and roam in absence of a layer 7 network and remain agnostic to the distance between the devices. If that is possible, we may find a way to replace the existing layer 7 mobile network with just a layer 1 access. The outcome is obvious: ‘A Network-less Network’. The prosaic signalling procedures related to a mobile network, specifically addressing, mobility and location management can be directly actuated by the mobile devices. In this chapter we investigate the viability and practicality of developing and implementing such a network solution.

Enabling Cellular Device to Device Data Exchange on WISDOM 5G by Actuating Cooperative Communication Based on SMNAT

The key attributes envisioned for LTE-Advanced pertaining to 5G Networks are ubiquitous presence, device convergence, massive machine connectivity, ultrahigh throughput and moderated carbon footprint of the network and the user equipment actuated by offloading cellular data traffic and by enabling device to device communication. The present method of mobility management and addressing as the authors have foreseen in LTE Advanced can solve some issues of cellular traffic backhaul towards the access and core network by actuating a local breakout and enabling communication directly between devices. But most of the approaches look forward towards an enhancement in the radio resource allocation process and prone to interference. Besides, most of these proposals delve in Device to Device D2D mode initiation from the device end, but no research has so far addressed the concept of a network initiated D2D process, which can optimise the channel utilisation and network operations further. In their attempt to knot these loose ends together, the auhtors furnish the concept of WISDOM Wireless Innovative System for Dynamic Operating Mega communications Badoi Cornelia-I., Prasad N., Croitoru V., Prasad R., 2011 Prasad R., June 2013 Prasad R.,December 2013 and SMNAT Sanyal, R., Cianca, E. and Prasad,R.,2012a. Further, the authors explore how SMNAT Smart Mobile Network Access Topology can engage with WISDOM in cooperative communication to actuate D2D communication initiated by the device or the network. WISDOM is an architectural concept for 5G Networks based on cognitive radio approach. The cognition, sustained by adaptation techniques, is a way to provide communication, convergence, connectivity, co-operation, and content, anytime and anywhere. Though D2D communication using a dedicated spectrum in multi cell environment is possible through advanced network coding or by use of fractional frequency reuse, but physical proximity of the 2 devices is still a key requisite. In this paper the authors will discuss SMNAT which employs physical layer addressing to enable D2D communication agnostic to the spatial coordinates of the devices.

ISDN User Part Traffic Optimization in the SS7 Network

The state of the art Long Term Evolution LTE mobile core networks predominantly use Session Initiation Protocol SIP and Real-time Transport Protocol RTP for transporting voice across networks. Voice-over-LTE VoLTE designed for LTE network based on an Information Management System IMS framework is the key to enriched voice communication services for the next generation networks. Emerging technologies like Rich Communication Suite, Web Real-Time Communication WebRTC will impart a new dimension to voice communications and harmonise voice and value added services. Many of the mobile networks and voice carriers evolved their network from traditional Time-Division Multiplexing TDM / Asynchronous Transfer Mode ATM to Internet Protocol IP. Several interworking protocols have appeared for interexchange of Voice traffic between TDM and IP. SIP to ISDN User Part ISUP interoperability mechanisms have been devised. But, in spite of all the endeavours of the mobile networks move to the next generation, it will probably take some time for the networks to completely migrate from UMTS to LTE. As both the technologies will coexist, Circuit Switched Fallback CSFB and Single Radio Voice Call Continuity SRVCC are two of the most preferred options in the interim to switch from 4G to 3G when the coverage is lost. 3G networks rely still on circuit switching. It can be inferred that circuit switched networks piggybacking on ISUP for voice communication will continue. In this paper, we examine the ISUP signalling aspects to optimize the load sharing and streamline the performance of the traditional voice core networks. We will study the dependencies of the Circuit Identification Code CIC selection process on ISUP load sharing to derive our conclusions.