Rajindar K. Koshal

Economies of Scale and Scope in Higher Education: A Case of Comprehensive Universities.

Abstract This study empirically estimates a multiple-product fixed total cost function and output relationship for comprehensive universities in the United States. Statistical results based on data for 158 private and 171 public comprehensive universities suggest that there are both economies of scale and economies of scope in higher education. However, product-specific economies of scope do not exist for all output levels and activities [JEL I22].

State Appropriation and Higher Education Tuition: What Is the Relationship?.

This paper utilizes a simultaneous equation model to explain the relationship between state appropriation and the level of tuition at higher educational public institutions. Statistical results based on data from 47 continental states of the US indicate that tuition depends upon state appropriation, median family income, out of state enrollment as a percentage of total enrollment, and the region that a particular state is located. Additionally, state appropriation is affected by the level of tuition, per-capita tax revenue, demand factor, 2-year college enrollment as a percentage of total enrollments, and the clear majority of democrats in the state legislature. The results also indicate a clear interdependence of tuition and appropriation at the public institutions in the US.

Water pollution and human health

This study deals with the question of establishing a statistical model to test the hypothesis that the use of ‘pure’ water reduces deaths from diseases caused by pathogenic bacteria. The statistical analysis is based on data for 48 states of the United States for the year 1970. The results of this study suggest that an increase in the use of ‘pure’ water would, ceteris paribus, decrease death rates due to certain diseases. The findings of this study are especially useful for developing nations where a very small proportion of the population is still served by publicly supplied water.

Women in management: a Malaysian perspective

Surveys of women in management postitions in the USA and elsewhere have indicated a notion of masculine managerial model of “organizational man”. Malaysia presents an interesting case study on attitudes towards women managers because it is a society undergoing rapid changes from its strong traditional religious and cultural norms to modern values about women. This study focuses on the perceptions of Malaysian men and women executives about the female managers in corporate Malaysia. Specifically, the study examines the organizational environment for women managers in Malaysia, how men and women at different ranks feel about women’s advancement in the organization, the differences in the leadership styles of men and women managers and their effectiveness in achieving organizational goals.

Women managers in India: challenges and opportunities

Focuses on the opportunities and challenges facing women managers in corporate India, against the backdrop of a worldwide (albeit theoretical) trend aimed at reducing the gender gap. Bases findings on responses to 162 questionnaires designed to establish the respective attitudes of male and female managers (within manufacturing and service industries) to key gender issues. Examines issues including ‐inter alia ‐ perceptions regarding company hiring practices and remuneration equity; the perceived competencies of women in management; the attitudes of men towards women managers and company initiatives to reduce the gender gap. Establishes that the majority of managers believe that employment in their organizations is based on merit and not gender, however, the results also identify a whole host of less encouraging attitudes which together indicate that there is still a long way to go before sex discrimination is eradicated. Makes a series of recommendations aimed at redressing the balance.

Quality and economies of scale in higher education

This study attempts to develop and empirically estimate an average cost and output reltion for average total for higher education. Statistical results based on data for top PhD granting institutions suggest there are economies of scale in higher education. Academic reputation is also an important variable in explaining variations in average total cost.

Do Liberal Arts Colleges Exhibit Economies of Scale and Scope

This study empirically estimates a multiple-product fixed total cost function and output relationship for liberal arts colleges in the United States. Statistical results based on data for 295 private liberal arts colleges suggest that there are both economies of scale and economies of scope in higher education. Furthermore, product-specific economies of scope do exist for all output levels and activities. Research activity at liberal arts colleges is not cost effective.

Multi-product total cost function for higher education: a case of bible colleges

Abstract This study empirically estimates a multi-product total cost function and output relationship for comprehensive universities in the United States. Statistical results based on data for 184 Bible colleges suggest that there are both economies of scale and economies of scope in higher education. In addition, product-specific economies of scope do exist for all output levels and activities.

Determinants of Nepalese imports1

Abstract This study estimates an aggregate import-demand function for Nepal. On the basis of statistical testing, the log-linear form of the import-demand function is more appropriate than the linear one. The aggregate import-demand—both in the short run and in the long run—is inelastic with respect to own price and cross-price. However, the import demand is elastic with respect to real income in the short run as well as in the long run.

Environments and urban mortality—An econometric approach

Abstract This paper establishes a quantitative relationship between total mortality rates from all diseases and the level of air pollution and other socio-economic variables, using a macro-model. With the help of regression analysis it is observed that a 10% increase in the air pollution would imply an increase in the mortality rate by 1·2-1·9% . An overall reduction of about 50% in the air pollution would imply a social savings of the order of