Ram Kumar

Assessment of Source Profile of Nonmethane Hydrocarbon in the Ambient Air of Metro City Delhi, India

To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/CWE.12.2.16 Abstract In this paper presents the assessment of source profile of nonmethane hydrocarbons (NMHCs) in the ambient air of Delhi. The samples were collected from five different urban sites using tedlar bags for aliphatic NMHCs and activated adsorption charcoal tubes for aromatic NMHCs during October 2014 to September 2015. Eleven aliphatic NMHCs propane, n-butane i-butene, i-butane, 1,3-butadiene, trans-2-butene, cis-2-pentene, n-pentane, n-hexane, heptane and four aromatic NMHCs benzene, toluene, o-xylene, p/m-xylene were identified in 112 urban ambient air samples. Samples were analysed using gas chromatography which is coupled with flame ionization detector (GC-FID). Pearson correlation coefficient (r) found to be = 0.5±0.2, shows significance level to have moderate among the NMHCs, indicates NMHCs in the urban ambient air have many sources profile mentioned in PCA result. Factor analysis (FA) and receptor model, i.e., Principal Component Analysis (PCA)/Absolute Principal Component Score (APCS) was used for identification of source profile distribution. PCA analysis after the varimax rotation have identified six possible source profile and explained about 70 % of the total data set. The average % contribution of NMHCs emitted from vehicles was found to be 23%, whereas polymer manufacturing industries contributes 19% and from refinery operation/ gas station contribute 14%, and 13%, emitted from flare emissions and 10% from natural gas emissions. The secondary industrial process, including paints, body soaps and metal fabricator and processing was contributing 8%. Out of these remaining 13% was estimated as unidentified sources. These findings may be used by government authorities to formulate policies and strategies for improvement of urban air quality that can improve the health of urban communities. Article History

A Review on the Atmospheric Non Methane Hydrocarbons (Nmhcs) Study in India

Introduction In the present scenario urban air pollution becomes a prime concern across the world in both developed and developing countries. Urban sprawl, industrialization and extensive transportation in the urban areas have resulted the poor air quality that affects the both human health and the surrounding environment. Atmospheric nonmethane hydrocarbons (NMHCs) are major groups of air pollutants in the urban atmosphere1. NMHCs are a group of natural and anthropogenic aliphatic, aromatic and alkyl species usually having low molecular weight containing only Abstract This study present extensive review on the atmospheric non methane hydrocarbons for the monitoring technology, source profile, and variability studies which have been done by various researchers at different research and development institutions all over the India. Most of the studies have reported that the concentration level in the urban environment is elevated at alarming level due to vehicular emission, refinery operation, secondary industrial process, LPG leakage and biomass burning. The elevated ambient concentration of NMHCs in an urban environment has a significant impact on climate change and human health. NMHCs levels are to be removed and limit the emission by using newer technology under specific industrial and practical conditions in the present time. This review aims at a summarizing discussion on the entire areas which come underneath the umbrella of NMHCs technologies and helpful to the future researchers and those findings will be helped to the formulate policies and implement for the enhancement of air quality in India. Article History

Impact analysis of weather factors in relation to early shoot borer (Chilo infuscatellus Snellen) incidence in summer planted sugarcane after wheat harvest in subtropics

The highest incidence of C. infuscatellus was recorded during 21st standard week (8.8 per cent) at 43.1°C maximum temperature, 28.4°C minimum temperature, 57.0 per cent maximum relative humidity, 21.0 per cent minimum relative humidity and 9.1 sun shine hours. Sugarcane variety CoS 8436 planted after wheat harvest significant positive correlated with minimum temperature and highly significant with minimum relative humidity in all the varieties. The correlation coefficient showed significant and positive correlation with minimum temperature while it was highly significant and negatively correlated with minimum relative humidity with shoot infestation. The effect of maximum temperature with shoot infestation showed a negative correlation. The maximum relative humidity showed non significant positive correlation where as it was positively correlated with minimum relative humidity and sun shine hours.