Ramandeep Singh

Wound healing Agents from Medicinal Plants: A Review

Abstract This paper presents a review of plants identified from various ethno botanical surveys and folklore medicinal survey with Wound healing activity. Wound is defined as the disruption of the cellular and anatomic continuity of a tissue. Wound may be produced by physical, chemical, thermal, microbial or immunological insult to the tissues. The process of wound healing consists of integrated cellular and biochemical events leading to re-establishment of structural and functional integrity with regain of strength in injured tissues. This review discuss about Wound healing potential of plants, its botanicalname, Common name, family, part used and references, which are helpful for researcher to development new Wound healing formulations for human use.

Magnetic microspheres as magical novel drug delivery system: A review

Abstract Magnetic microspheres hold great promise for reaching the goal of controlled and site specific drug delivery. Magnetic microspheres as an alternative to traditional radiation methods which uses highly penetrating radiations that is absorbed throughout the body. Its use is limited by toxicity and side effects. Now days, several targeted treatment systems including magnetic field, electric field, ultrasound, temperature, UV light and mechanical force are being used in many disease treatments (e.g. cancer, nerve damage, heart and artery, anti-diabetic, eye and other medical treatments). Among them, the magnetic targeted drug delivery system is one of the most attractive and promising strategy for delivering the drug to the specified site. Magnetically controlled drug targeting is one of the various possible ways of drug targeting. This technology is based on binding establish anticancer drug with ferrofluid that concentrate the drug in the area of interest (tumor site) by means of magnetic fields. There has been keen interest in the development of a magnetically target drug delivery system. These drug delivery systems aim to deliver the drug at a rate directed by the needs of the body during the period of treatment, and target the activity entity to the site of action. Magnetic microspheres were developed to overcome two major problems encountered in drug targeting namely: RES clearance and target site specificity.

A review on target drug delivery: Magnetic Microspheres

Abstract Novel drug delivery system aims to deliver the drug at a rate directed by the needs of the body during the period of treatment, and target the active entity to the site of action. A number of novel drug delivery systems have emerged encompassing various routes of administration, to achieve controlled and targeted drug delivery, magnetic micro carriers being one of them. Magnetic microsphere is newer approach in pharmaceutical field. Magnetic microspheres as an alternative to traditional radiation methods which use highly penetrating radiation that is absorbed throughout the body. Its use is limited by toxicity and side effects. The aim of the specific targeting is to enhance the efficiency of drug delivery & at the same time to reduce the toxicity & side effects. This kind of delivery system is very much important which localises the drug to the disease site. In this larger amount of freely circulating drug can be replaced by smaller amount of magnetically targeted drug. Magnetic carriers receive magnetic responses to a magnetic field from incorporated materials that are used for magnetic microspheres are chitosan, dextran etc. magnetic microspheres can be prepared from a variety of carrier material. One of the most utilized is serum albumin from human or other appropriate species. Drug release from albumin microspheres can be sustained or controlled by various stabilization procedures generally involving heat or chemical cross-linking of the protein carrier matrix.

Current status of Indian medicinal plants with aphrodisiac potential

Abstract In India, indigenous remedies have been used in treatment of sexual dysfunction since the time of Charaka and Sushruta. Plants have been always an exemplary source of drugs and many of the currently available drugs have been derived directly or indirectly from them. An aphrodisiac is defined as an agent that arouses sexual desire. Erectile dysfunction or sexual dysfunction (ED or SD) or male impotence is defined as the inability of a man to achieve and maintain an erection sufficient for mutually satisfactory intercourse with his partner. Sexual health and function are important determinants of quality of life. To overcome the problem of male sexual (or) erectile dysfunction, various Indian natural aphrodisiac plants potentials were preferred. The ethnobotanical information reports that about 200 plants possess aphrodisiac potential. Out of several Indian medicinal plants, 33 plants were reviewed. In this review, studies on Indian medicinal plants were reviewed and their possible therapeutic applications were discussed. This review discusses about aphrodisiac potential of Indian medicinal plants, its botanical name, common name, family, extract, models used, part used and references, which are helpful for researchers to develop new herbal aphrodisiac formulations. In the recent years, interest in drugs of plant origin has been progressively increased.

An overview of the current methodologies used for evaluation of aphrodisiac agents

Abstract Discoveries in the past two decades have continued to improve our understanding of the pathophysiology of erectile dysfunction disease and animal models have played a significant role to define the basic mechanisms of erectile dysfunction treatment. Both in vitro and in vivo models have been developed in the past years to study the aphrodisiac agents. Methods that are used in aphrodisiac study can be categorized into physical methods including male sexual behavior (mount frequency, mount latency, intromission frequency, intromission latency, ejaculation frequency, post-ejaculatory interval, couplatory rate, index of libido, computed male sexual behavior parameter), pendiculation study, orientation behavior, determination of hesitation time & attraction towards female, test of potency, test for libido, penile microcirculation study, Intracavernous pressure study and biochemical methods, histopathology, sperm count, Fructose content in seminal vesicles, sperm preservation, organ weight, hormonal determination, assay of nitric oxide synthase, In vitro nitric oxide release & androgen receptor protein. This review aims to highlight some of the new and currently used experimental models that are used for the evaluation of aphrodisiac agents.

Some medicinal plants with aphrodisiac potential: A current status

Abstract Aphrodisiac is the word derived from Aphrodite, the Greek goddess of sexual, love and beauty. An aphrodisiac is defined as an agent (food or drug) that arouses sexual desire. Current sexual dysfunction therapy lack satisfactory success due to adverse effect, hence patients are seeking complementary and alternative medicine to treat sexual dysfunction. Ayurveda and other Indian literature mention the use of plants in various human ailments. India has about more than 45 000 plant species and among them several thousand are claimed to possess medicinal properties. Researchers conducted in the last few decades on the plants mentioned in ancient literature or used traditionally for sexual dysfunction. This review reveals that some plants and their extract have aphrodisiac activity, which are helpful for researcher to develop new herbal aphrodisiac formulations. In the recent years, interest in drugs of plant origin has been progressively increased.

Preparation of magnetic microspheres of mesalamine by phase separation emulsion polymerisation technique

The study involved magnetic microspheres of mesalamine prepared by phase separation emulsion polymerization (PSEP) method technique. Magnetic microspheres were prepared by PSEP method to target them to the colon. Three polymers namely Eudragit S 100, ethylcellulose and chitosan were used for the preparation of magnetic microspheres. Magnetite content and entrapment of mesalamine was evaluated. Eudragit S 100, ethylcellulose and chitosan were used as polymers. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectrum of drug and polymer was taken to visualize the compatibility of drug and polymer. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images show the uniformity and particle size of the microspheres formed. The in vitro release study was carried out in phosphate buffer pH 6.8. The various results obtained were fit into the mathematical models and the Higuchi model was found to be most suitable for the formulations. Chitosan magnetic microspheres prepared by phase separation emulsion polymerization were found to be best in all the evaluation parameters (practical yield, magnetite content, magnetic responsivity of microspheres, particle size, in vitro release studies). They contain maximum magnetite content which is the utmost feature for the magnetic microspheres. Microspheres can be targeted by the external magnetic field applied due to magnetite entrapped. Thus toxicity and reticuloendothelial clearance can be minimized. Key words: Chitosan, Eudragit S 100, ethylcellulose, magnetic, phase separation emulsion polymerization (PSEP).

Pheromones and their role as aphrodisiacs: A review

Abstract Since the beginning of the human existence on the earth reproductive biology remained a main concern of research because of its importance. It is widely recognized and demonstrated that odors play an important role in mammalian reproduction. A large number of studies have been carried out in humans, in order to investigate possible pheromones, their properties, mechanism of action, and possible receptors for their action. Till now scientific studies indicated that humans use olfactory communication and are even able to produce and perceive certain pheromones. This review article aims to highlight the role of human pheromones as aphrodisiacs

Development of quality control parameters for the standardization of fruit of Ficus racemosa Linn. (M)

Abstract Objective To develop a novel Standardization technique, which can pave the way for rapid determination of different phytoconstitutents of Ficus racemosa (F. racemosa ) Linn. (Moraceae). From extensive literature survey it was revealed that no reports were available on, standardization parameters of fruits of F. racemosa Linn. Methods Phytochemical test, TLC analysis, Foreign matter, Ash values, Swelling index, Foaming index, Extractive value, Moisture content, Microbiological analysis, Crude fibre content, amino acid content, aflatoxin, toxic element analysis and analysis of pesticide residue were performed in the present investigation for the quality control of the drug. Results Thus it was thought worthwhile to explore this plant on the basis of its standardization parameters. Alkaloids, steroid, flavanoids and tannins were found to be present in F. racemosa Linn. extracts. Ash value, insoluble ash value, soluble ash value, crude fibre content, crude fat, Swelling index and Foaming index were found to be 3.96%w/w, 9.29%w/w, 7.45%w/w, 16.65%, (4.39±0.14), 1 cm, 10.30%w/w. The study will provide referential information for the correct identification of the crude drug. Conclusions These physicochemical data and phytochemical analysis of different extracts of F. racemosa Linn. is useful for further studies for pharmacological screening. In future this study will be helpful for qualitative & quantitative analysis of phytoconstituents for isolation of newer molecule from F. racemosa Linn.

Preparation and evaluation of magnetic microspheres of mesalamine (5-aminosalicylic acid) for colon drug delivery

Abstract Objective To study magnetic microspheres of mesalamine (5-aminosalicylic acid) for colon drug delivery. Methods Magnetic microspheres were prepared by solvent evaporation technique for use in the application of magnetic carrier technology. An attempt was made to target mesalamine (5-aminosalicylic acid) to its site of action i.e. to colon. Eudragit S-100, ethylcellulose and chitosan were used in three different drug: polymer ratios i.e. 1:1, 1:2 and 1:3. The microspheres were characterized in terms of particle size, percentage yield, drug content, encapsulation efficiency, in vitro release pattern and ex vivo study. The microspheres were uniform in size and shape. The in vitro release profile was studied in pH 7.4 phosphate buffer medium using USP dissolution apparatus. Results Chitosan microspheres were found to be better retained in terms of percentage release of the drug. Thus chitosan microspheres could be better retained at their target site. Conclusion Flow characteristics are also better in case of chitosan magnetic microspheres. Thus reticuloendothelial clearance can be minimized and site specificity can be increased