Ramani Kannan

PID Tuning of Servo Motor Using Bat Algorithm

Abstract The Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controller uses three parameters to produce the desired output of a system. The desired system performances are in terms of overshoot, rise time, settling time and steady state error. This has brought about various methods to tune the controller to the desired response. Therefore, the presence of the bat algorithm as part of the system will reduce the time and cost of tuning these parameters and improve the overall system performance.

A New Symmetric Cascaded Multilevel Inverter Topology Using Single and Double Source Unit

In this paper, a new symmetric multilevel inverter is proposed. A simple structure for the cascaded multilevel inverter topology is also proposed, which produces a high number of levels with the application of few power electronic devices. The symmetric multilevel inverter can generate 2n+1 levels with a reduced number of power switches. The basic unit is composed of a single and double source unit (SDS-unit). The application of this SDS-unit is for reducing the number of power electronic components like insulated gate bipolar transistors, freewheeling diodes, gate driver circuits, dc voltage sources, and blocked voltages by switches. Various new algorithms are recommended to determine the magnitude of dc sources in a cascaded structure. Furthermore, the proposed topology is optimized for different goals. The proposed cascaded structure is compared with other similar topologies. For verifying the performance of the proposed basic symmetric and cascaded structure, results from a computer-based MATLAB/Simulink simulation and from experimental hardware are also discussed.

A new switched DC –link capacitor based multilevel converter (SDC2MLC)

Abstract At present, one of the most common techniques for high power conversion in medium-voltage applications is the use of cascaded multi-level converters. In this article, a new Switched DC-Link Capacitor Multi-level converter (SDC2MLC) with considerably few numbers of power electronics switches (IGBTs) is proposed, where keeping the total harmonic distortion of the output voltage waveforms as low as possible is desired. The proposed topology is configured using two separate basic units. Each unit consists of four switches with a series-parallel combination of isolated DC sources. The performance of the presented topology for both configurations is described. The required number of switches, power diodes, gate driver circuits, and voltage stresses across the switches are compared with those of other recently published techniques. Furthermore, the operation and performance of the proposed SDC2MLC are illustrated with the aid of experimental results of a single-phase 11-level converter to clarify the viability of the proposed topology.

Reduction of Components in New Family of Diode Clamp Multilevel Inverter Ordeal to Induction Motor

This paper describes the design and implementation of a new diode clamped multilevel inverter for variable frequency drive. The diode clamp multilevel inverter has been widely used for low power, high voltage applications due to its superior performance. However, it has some limitations such as increased number of switching devices and complex PWM control. In this paper, a new topology is proposed. New topology requires only (N-1) switching devices and (N-3) clamping diodes compared to existing topology. A modified APO-PWM control method is used to generate gate pulses for inverter. The proposed inverter topology is coupled with single phase induction motor and its performance is tested by MATLAB simulation. Finally, a prototype model has built and its performance is tested with single phase variable frequency drive.

Comparison of tubular and planar design of a micro linear generator for vibration energy harvesting

Vibration sources is available from many appliances such as motors, generators and rotating devices. This vibration can be harvested and converter to electrical energy to power up wireless sensor network and low power electronic devices. An energy harvester is attached to the vibrating source to harvest the energy. The use of micro linear generator comprising of magnet, moving rotor, stator and windings, will enable users to harvest the vibration energy. The generator converts the vibration energy to electrical energy. In this research, a model of a micro linear generator is presented. This paper focuses on comparing a tubular and a planar design of the micro linear generator for vibration energy harvesting. On top of that, the slotted and slot-less designs are also compared. With the Finite Element Analysis (FEA) software, Ansoft Maxwell, the magnetic flux, flux lines, magnetic field and induced voltage of the various designs of the generator are analysed. By evaluating the simulation results, the tubular slotted design is found to be the best design that produced the best output.

Load Frequency Control in the Deregulated Environment for the Future Green Energy Network

With the increasing number, micro generation grids are being emerged into the power system network, whereas the future of the power system network is highly promising. Hence, the increase of load demand and fluctuation of load effect the frequency of the system which is one of the major elements in power quality. Load Frequency Control (LFC) is a method to maintain the frequency in the power system when fluctuation of load occurs. Controller is used to perform Load Frequency Control in the system which collects the data (error) and generates a control signal to the system. This chapter focused on a research regarding the Load Frequency Control method in power system with the addition of a renewable unit such as a speed varying standalone wind turbine. The study included simulation of two-area power system in deregulated environment by using MATLAB/Simulink. The output of the power system such as settling time, overshooting and undershooting are studied.

Load Profiling and Optimizing Energy Management Systems Towards Green Building Index

Due to the acute scarcity of fossil fuel resources, utilization of solar and wind power in several organizations for minimizing utility billing costs has become more significant issue.

Optimal multiple-steps single-tuned harmonic filters under time-varying conditions

Nowadays, considering the time-varying nature of harmonic sources is a significant trend in the power quality studies. In this research, the optimum sizing of multiple-steps passive LC compensator for maximum power factor and minimum transmission loss for non-linear loads under time-varying conditions of background harmonic voltages, system impedance, and load impedance, is determined. The source harmonic voltages are varying in time independently of each other. The equivalent system impedance is given by varying the Thevenin impedance over a finite period. The functioning of the concerned LC filter is explained through a representative case study. Simulation results illustrate the viability of the suggested approach.

Optimization of PID controller parameters in interconnected power system using index curve based technique

In this paper, Performance Index Curve Based Optimization (PICBO) technique is proposed to optimize the parameters of PID controller for Interconnected Power System with the occurrence of 5% step load perturbation in area 1. The performance index considered for minimization is ITAE criterion. Importance of any interconnected power system is to provide a better quality of power to the consumers. For this reason, the parameters of PID controller are optimized by PICBO and the responses are analyzed in terms of settling time, peak overshoot and peak time. The results are compared with the existing results of Time Varying Acceleration Coefficients with Dominant Social Component Particle Swarm Optimization (TVACDSC PSO) technique. Finally, it is concluded with the identification of better optimization technique which provides solution for supply of better quality of power to consumers in an interconnected power system.

New cascaded multilevel converter topology based on basic unit with reduction of DC sources

Multilevel converters have been considered today as the state of the art of DC/AC power conversion technology for high power medium voltage applications without the negation of power quality. This paper presents a new multilevel converter topology with minimum power electronics switches (IGBTs). This topology has a basic unit of 4 switches with a series/parallel combination of isolated DC sources. The comparison for the required number of switches, power diode, gate driver circuits and voltage stress across the switches of proposed topology with conventional and other novel topologies are discussed. This structure minimizes the total harmonic distortion (THD) in the output voltage waveform with reduced DC source. The operation and validation of the proposed multilevel converter is verified by simulation results of a single-phase 11-level converter.