Ramesh Chander

Intangible Radiation Effect of Electronic-Skin (E-Skin)

Acting like a slow poison for human beings, the E-skin technology potentially harms the cell tissues due to radiation effect. The paper discusses about the increase in number of human deaths as a result of use of this smart technology, which had been developed for the welfare of humans. Currently, the computer systems are widely and continuously being used by humans across the globe and this continuous utilization of technology causes health problems due to its direct linkages with E-skin. In skinput technology, the Eskin is an integral part and is used as aninput medium for measuring the electrical activities in human body. The electronic skin works on the principle similar to human skin wherein sensation of touch is prominent, when this electronic skin is embedded into human body. The authors are of the view that this direct linkages of E-skin is significantly harmful and proposes a methodology that uses wireless antenna as an interface between electronic skin and computer system. In the absence of wireless antenna that would act as an interface, the exchange of data between electronic skin and computer system would not be possible. The computer aided diagnosis based on skinput

Abnormally Large Wooden Foreign Body Impacted in the Rectosigmoid Colon without Bowel Perforation

A 46 years old male presented with a history of assault and insertion of a long wooden object through his anus. Examination and radiological investigations of the patient revealed a 34x4.0 cm long wooden object in the rectosigmoid colon. The foreign body was delivered by colotomy under general anesthesia.

Ultrasonographic evaluation of gall bladder diseases in diabetes mellitus type 2

Diabetic autonomic neuropathy gives rise to varied manifestations in the gastrointestinal tract i.e. gastropathies, nocturnal diarrhoea, oesophageal dysmotility, constipation and gallbladder dysfunction, being consequence of vagal neuropathy leading to reduced G.I. Motility. Gallbladder involvement in diabetic autonomic neuropathy is in the form of high incidence of gall bladder stones and a significant increase in gall bladder volume with poor concentration and poor visualization, with lack of symptoms of gallbladder disease. The present study concluded that gall bladder disease is more prevalent among type 2 diabetics. Diabetics with autonomic neuropathy tend to have larger gall bladders with poor contraction in response to fatty meals (due to vagal neuropathy), thus predisposing these patients to various forms of gall bladder disease.

Role of ultrasound in detection of antenatal foetal malformations

Aims and Objectives:The aims and objectives of this study was to detect foetal malformations ultrasonographically ,to evaluate associated anomalies and to evaluate outcome of pregnancy. Material and Methods:The prospective and retrospective study was conducted on 10890 pregnant women. All pregnant women were subjected to US examination by Siemens, Sonoline SL-2 ultrasound machine. using real time system.3.5 MHz transducer. Results: Total 124 foetuses were found to have major congenital malformations.Pregnant women were referred in routine US for foetal well being or risk factor related to foetal malformations.The average incidence of malformations was 1.14% with maximum no. of malformations 96 (77.41%) during 3rd trimester of pregnancy.Majority of cases were in age group 21-25 years (51.6 %) with youngest women of 18 years and oldest 38 years. Most of the foetal malformations were seen in primigravida (45.96 %). During study 52.42% of pregnant women were at risk ofmalformed foetus in form of discrepancy of height of uterus and period of gestation, 47.58% were clinically routine cases.Majority of malformations were detected during 3rd trimester 98(79.04%) with the range of 13-41 weeks and mean gestational age of 31.16 weeks. Most common anomaly was ventriculomegaly 41 cases (27.33%) followed by anencephaly 39cases(26.00%).Neural tube defects accounted for more than 50%of the anomalies with common association withspinal deformities. Polyhydramnios 28 (71.79%) cases was common association with neural tube defects. Oligohydramnios was associated with 4 (66.66%) cases of renal anomalies.Foetal malformations had predilection female fetuses with male to female ratio of 1:1.3 . Spinal abnormalities were common in male fetuses.Overall mortality of malformed.fetuses was 90(72.58%) cases,however in anencephaly, diaphragmatic hernia and hydrops foetalis it was 100%.In skeletal dysplasias it was 80%. Most common site of encephalocele was occipital in 18(94.73%)cases.Most common renal malformation was found to be bilateral hydronephrosis in 4 patients. Skeletal dysplasia was seen in 5 cases with 3 cases had associated pulmonary hypoplasia. Achondroplasia was seen in 3 cases and achondrogenesis in 2 cases. Conclusion:We concluded in our study that ultrasound should be done between 16-20 weeks in routine and earlier in high risk pregnancy. This leaves adequate time for determining the outcome and fate of pregnancy.Hence it would be worth to aware the practitioner about advantage of early scanning in pregnancy.