Ramesh Kumar Pandey

A comparative evaluation of analgo‐sedative effects of oral dexmedetomidine and ketamine: a triple‐blind, randomized study

Use of sedative agents for difficult to manage children during dental procedures has been indicated for years, but neither the agent nor the route has been found to be ideal.

Reliability and factor analysis of children's fear survey schedule-dental subscale in Indian subjects

CONTEXT Fear to visit a dentist is a common observation even in adults; however, among children it becomes one of the most important issues for a dentist. Psychographic analysis of the factors that add to fear level of the children can be accessed through Children fear survey schedule-dental subscale (CFSS-DS); however, its varied applicability in different environmental situations has been tested through this paper. AIMS The aim of present study is to evaluate the reliability and factor structure of the Indian version of the CFSS-DS. MATERIALS AND METHODS The routine patients attending Outpatient Department of Pedodontics with Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Sciences, Lucknow, India (n=197, aged 7-12 years old) were evaluated for childrens fear survey schedule-dental subscale which was filled by parents on behalf of the child. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Reliability analysis (alpha) was performed to assess the internal consistency of the Indian translation of the scale. Factor analysis (principle components, varimax rotation) was employed to assess the factor structure. RESULTS Children fear survey scale-dental subscale was found to be equally reliable (Cronbach alpha = 0.92) and applicable among Indian subjects. However, factorization revealed emergence of 1) hospital, injections and hospital personnel, 2) drilling and interaction with unknown, 3) dental care personnel and practices. CONCLUSION The present study extended the universal applicability of children fear survey schedule -dental subscale, while at the same time it was able to highlight different facets of problem in different environments.

An estimation of fluoride release from various dental restorative materials at different pH: In vitro study.

BACKGROUND In the mid of 1980s, the cariostatic effect of fluoride ions on enamel caries had been demonstrated in many studies. The use of fluoride releasing dental restorative materials has seen increasing from many years for the specific purpose of leaching of fluoride into the surrounding tissues to inhibit secondary dental caries as well as prevention of caries in the newly erupted tooth. In the dental caries, acidic environment causes the demineralization of tooth structure and also affect the restorative margins of dental restoration. AIM various restorative materials show different behavior in different pH conditions of oral cavity. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the fluoride release of the various restorative materials at different pH. DESIGN In this in vitro study, 30 samples of each dental restorative material were prepared and grouped into five with six samples in each group as per the pH of the solution 4.3, 4.6, 5.0, 5.5, and 6.2. All the samples were subjected to alternate cycling of the demineralizing solution (6 h) and remineralizing solution (18 h) for 15 days. RESULTS the fluoride release was measured by using fluoride ion specific electrode and digital ion analyzer. The result showed that the fluoride release rate was significantly higher in first day and reduced after third day to nearly constant level. At pH 4.3, the fluoride release was highest and lowest at pH 6.2. CONCLUSION the Amalgomer CR showed the highest fluoride release among all the experimental dental restorative materials.

Multiple abnormalities in permanent maxillary incisors following trauma to the primary dentition.

Diverse consequences to the trauma to primary dentition are sometimes difficult to explain. This report describes a rare case of sequelae to primary tooth trauma. The traumatic episode which occurred at the age of 3 years resulted in abnormally large crowns of 11 and 21 with yellowish-brown discoloration and enamel hyperplasia. It also led to dilaceration in the root of 21 and enamel hypoplasia with discoloration in 12 and 22.

Neonatal sublingual traumatic ulceration – case report & review of the literature

Traumatic ulceration of the ventral surface of the tongue is a rare condition observed in neonates with natal or neonatal teeth. These lesions are initiated and exacerbated by the continuous contact between the tongue and natal/neonatal teeth during physiologic activities such as suckling and swallowing, which in turn may interfere with proper feeding, putting the neonate at risk for nutritional deficiencies. Sublingual traumatic ulcers may also be the presenting sign of an underlying developmental or neurologic disorder. This case report details the management of a sublingual traumatic ulcer in a 20-day-old infant, along with a review of the treatment modalities available for management of this condition, especially in neonates.

Comparative evaluation of platelet-rich fibrin and mineral trioxide aggregate as pulpotomy agents in permanent teeth with incomplete root development: a randomized controlled trial.

INTRODUCTION The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare, clinically and radiographically, the effects of platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) and mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) as pulpotomy agents in permanent teeth with incomplete root development. METHODS A total number of 70 children requiring pulpotomy in 70 permanent molars with incomplete root development were screened. Sixty-two patients met the inclusion criteria and were enrolled in the study. The patients were randomly allocated equally in 2 treatment groups. MTA pulpotomy was performed in group A (the control group), and PRF pulpotomy was performed in group B (the experimental group). The treated teeth were restored with amalgam followed by stainless steel crowns. Clinical and radiographic evaluations were performed after 6, 12, and 24 months. Thus, the data obtained were blindly analyzed using the chi-square test. RESULTS There was no significant difference between the 2 groups in terms of clinical and radiologic success. Radiographically, all available cases (53 teeth) showed evidence of root growth and canal narrowing. Complete apical closure was observed in 88.8% in the PRF group (experimental group) and 80.07% of roots in the MTA group (control group), respectively, at 24 months. CONCLUSIONS PRF could be used as a suitable biological and economic alternative to MTA in pulpotomy procedures of permanent teeth with incomplete root development.

Root hypoplasia: an unusual sequela to primary tooth trauma

The traumatic injury to primary teeth has been associated with diverse consequences in permanent dentition. The root abnormalities in permanent teeth are relatively rare. An unusual and rare case of sequelae to primary tooth trauma has been presented here. The complexity of the impact which occurred at the age of 4 years and 8 months resulted in root hypoplasia in 11, 21, root duplication in 12 and avulsion of 22 tooth bud.

Molar Incisor Hypomineralization: An Epidemiological Study with Prevalence and Etiological Factors in Indian Pediatric Population

ABSTRACT Aims: To determine the prevalence of molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) in Indian children and to analyze the possible etiological factors. Materials and methods: First permanent molars and all permanent incisors were examined in 1,369 children aged 8 to 12 years. Examinations were performed by two calibrated observers. The subjects were evaluated using judgment criteria proposed by Weerheijm et al in 2003. The parents accompanying children were given a questionnaire regarding pre- and postnatal history of the children. Results: A total of 191 children were diagnosed with MIH with a prevalence of 13.9%. Chi-square/Fisher exact test was used to compare the dichotomous variables. The relative risk with its 95% confidence interval was calculated to find the risk of clinical infections, such as chicken pox, jaundice, renal disorders, cardiac disorders, and affected molars with sex and type of delivery. Pre- and postnatal history of infection in a child was significantly correlated with the prevalence of MIH. Conclusion: The prevalence of MIH was 13.9% in the age group of 8 to 12 years. Prenatal and postnatal infections play an important role in hypomineralization of molars and incisors. How to cite this article: Mishra A, Pandey RK. Molar Incisor Hypomineralization: An Epidemiological Study with Prevalence and Etiological Factors in Indian Pediatric Population. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2016;9(2):167-171.

Dental lamina cysts in a newborn infant.

Cystic lesions of transient nature viz. Epstein pearls, Bohns nodules and dental lamina cysts are frequently found in the oral cavities of newborn infants. These cysts arise from the developing dental tissues or from their remnants. These cystic lesions are not commonly seen by the dental surgeons due to their self-limiting nature and ignorance of the parents to seek the professional opinion. However, when contacted by anxious parents seeking treatment, dental surgeons should be able to explain and reassure the parents about the transient nature of these lesions and need for no treatment but regular follow-up. The present case report was written with the purpose to increase the awareness in dental surgeons about the peculiar clinical presentation and self-limiting nature of these cystic lesions, so that unnecessary surgical intervention can be avoided in such young infants.

Bilateral fusion in primary mandibular teeth: A report of two cases

The rare anomaly of fusion in primary dentition has very little documentation in Indian population. Two rare cases of bilateral fusion between primary mandibular lateral incisors and canines and primary mandibular central incisors and lateral incisors have been presented in this report. A minimal intervention approach, preventive procedures, and a long-term follow-up have been discussed.