Ramji Singh

De-oiled cakes of Neem, Jatropha, Mahua and Karanja: a new substrate for mass multiplication of T. harzianum.

De-oiled cakes of four trees born oilseeds (TBOs) viz., Neem, Jatropha, Mahua and Karanja were tested for their suitability for mass multiplication of T. harzianum and also that for how long they are able to support the survival of T. harzianum with the considerable level of population dynamics of T. harzianum. In addition to these four de-oiled cakes, two composts i.e., FYM and Vermicompost were also tested for their suitability and to have a comparison with these de-oiled cakes in supporting population dynamics and longevity of T. harzianum. Among four de-oiled cakes viz neem, jatropha, mahua and karanja, neem cake was found to be best substrate for supporting the population dynamics and longevity of T. harzianum in vitro. Neem cake maintained with 25% moisture was able to support the longevity of T. harzianum for more than 105 days with a considerable level of population, whereas Jatropha, Mahua and Karanja cakes could support the longevity of T. harzianum up to 90 days only. Mixing of pre grown Trichoderma harzianum on potato dextrose broth (PDB) to the four de-oiled cakes resulted in comparatively better population dynamics than that when it was grown on Potato Dextrose Agar.

Physiology of Rice Sheath Blight Pathogen Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn towards Different Sources of Carbon, Nitrogen and Vitamins

Rice production worldwide is affected by many biotic and abiotic stresses (Richa et al., 2016). Among biotic stresses, diseases are considered as major constraints for yield as 10 to 30 per cent of the annual rice harvest is lost due to many diseases (Skamnioti and Gurr, 2009). Most common and severe diseases in rice are blast, bacterial leaf blight and sheath blight (Wopereis et al., 2009). Sheath blight caused by Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn [Tel. Thanatephorus cucumeris (Frank) Donk] has wide geographic distribution and now occurs International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 7 Number 08 (2018) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com

Effect Of Various Light-Emitting Diodes On Growth And Photosynthetic Pigments Of Banana (Musa Acuminata) Cv. Grande Naine In Vitro Plantlets

In vitro culture of plant species most commonly uses fluorescent lamps as a light source. Other sources of illumination, LEDs (Light-emitting diodes) have proven to be more efficient for in vitro culture. In the conducted experiment, the effect of various LEDs on the in vitro morphogenesis, proliferation of shoots, growth & rooting of Banana (Musa acuminata) cv. Grande Naine was observed. For this purpose, 5 different sources of light were tested under a 16-h photoperiod: fluorescent lamps (Fl), white (W), red (R), blue (B), and B/R (1:1). The proliferation rate was higher with R LEDs compared with Fl light, although shoots have a lower length under R LEDs. Under B/R LEDs, maximum shoot elongation was obtained. LEDs did not enhance the rooting of shoots but increased the photosynthetic pigments content under B/R, which contributed to the acclimation process of in vitro plantlets. Our results revealed that the spectrum of different light sources produced different effects during the in vitro cloning of Grande naine.

Longevity of Survival of Trichodermaharzianumon Sucrose added Cakes

Tree borne oilseeds (TBOs) namely Neem cake, Jatropha cake, Mahua cake and Karanja cake were evaluated for mass culturing of Trichodermaharzianum showed that Neem cake is the best substrate in vitro while Jatropha cake in vivo. The antagonist could be stored for more than 3 months but an increase in number of viable propagules up to 4 months was measured from all the substrates except Karanja (up to 105 days) when mixed with Sucrose; a kind of sugar. Among all substrates Neem cake found maintaining high population at 30 days of inoculation with T. harzianumin the form of colony forming units (CFUs) per gram of substrate.

Virulence Diversity in Rhizoctonia Solani Causing Sheath Blight in RicePathogenicitya

Knowledge of variations in Rhizoctonia Solani causing rice sheath blight disease in different geographic regionsis still scarce and may be a useful tool for examining the nature and spread of population, disease epidemiology and host-pathogen interaction within rice patho-system. Molecular markers provide a basis for identifying patterns, dispersal and colonization in spatial and temporal distribution of pathogenic population and in development of species concepts by providing information about the limits of genetically isolated group in relation to patterns of morphological variation and behavior of any pathogen. Twenty-five isolates of Rhizoctonia Solani causing sheath blight in rice were collected from Kerala, New Delhi, Punjab, Uttarakhand and Uttar Pradesh of India and subjected for determination of virulence diversity. There was great diversity in the population of R. Solani which deferred greatly according to color and texture of colony, number and size of sclerotia, time taken for sclerotia formation and also the place and manner of sclerotia formation in the colony. At molecular level, also there was great diversity in the R. Solani population. A total of 80 PCR bands were detected among 25 isolates of R. Solani. The number of alleles per locus, varied from 1to7. Highest [1] PCR products were obtained with primers-OPW-13 and OPA-04 whereas lowest PCR products [2] were obtained with primer UBC-310 and OPB-08. There was only one monomorphic band, which was present in related primer UBC-373.The similarity coefficients among the R. Solani population ranged between 0.53 to 0.94. One isolate of R. Solani from Uttar Pradesh (RS-16) and another isolate from Punjab (RS-1) were most distantly related. The R. Solani isolates (RS-11&RS-12) and (RS-20& RS-21) all belonging to Uttar Pradesh were genetically most closely to each other.

Molecular Approach for Detection of Plant Pathogen

Worlds population is continuing to rise; the major target of modern agriculture has to a sus-tainable increase in yield that keeps pace with the increasing number of mouths to feed. This may be achieved by several approaches, not least by a sig-nificant reduction in pre and post harvest losses due to disease. In biotechnology different techniques such as proteomics, transcriptomics and metabolic are now proved to be useful in diagnosis of diseas-es. Biotechnological procedures can also be used to determine the type and sources of host resistance. Biotechnology is the genetic manipulation and mul-tiplication of any living organism through novel techniques such as genetic engineering in order to produce new organisms or products that can be used in variety of ways.

Effect of Different Inorganic additives on radial growth and Dry mycelial Weight of Pleurotus species

Oyster mushrooms cultivation is the easiest and least expensive commercial mushrooms to grow because they are well known for conversion of crop residues to food protein. It can be easily grown in temp. range of 20–26°C with 75–85% relative humidity, therefore with respect to study was undertaken to assess the beneficial effect of different inorganic additives viz: Salicylic acid (0.075%), Potassium di-hydrogen orthophosphate (0.075%), Magnesium sulphate (0.075%), Zinc sulphate (0.075%), Potassium chloride (0.075%), Ferrous sulphate (0.075%) and Copper sulphate (0.075%) on the radial growth (cm) and dry mycelial weight (mg/50ml) of Pleurotus species (i.e. P. florida and P. flabellatus). The experiment was conducted session 2014–2015 in Laboratory of Department of Plant Pathology, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture & Technology, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh (250110) in completely randomized design with seven treatment and control (without inorganic additives in medium) with four replications. The observations of radial growth (cm) were taken at each 48 hrs till the colony covered the first full plate. It is evident from the data presented in table that different inorganic additives viz: Salicylic acid (0.075%), Potassium di-hydrogen orthophosphate (0.075%), Magnesium sulphate (0.075%), Zinc sulphate (0.075%), Potassium chloride (0.075%), Ferrous sulphate (0.075%) and Copper sulphate (0.075%) significantly increased the radial growth of Pleurotus species (i.e. P. florida and P. flabellatus) except zinc sulphate as compared to control. Maximum radial growth was observed in Potassium di-hydrogen orthophosphate (90.00 mm) which was significantly higher than all other treatments. In case of P. flabellatus maximum radial growth found in magnesium sulphate (90.00 mm) which was significantly higher than all other treatments. There was no radial growth in zinc sulphate (0.00) in both species (i.e. P. florida and P. flabellatus). Maximum radial growth rate was recorded in potassium di-hydrogen orthophosphate (11.25 mm/day) in P. florida while in case of P. flabellatus maximum radial growth rate was found in magnesium sulphate (11.25 mm/day). Maximum weight of dried mycelium was recorded in magnesium sulphate (5.29 mg/50ml) which was significantly higher than all other treatments in P. flabellatus. In case of P. florida, maximum dried mycelial weight was observed in Potassium di-hydrogen orthophosphate (5.16 mg/50ml) which was significantly higher than all other treatments. Maximum growth rate of dried mycelium (0.34 mg/day) was found in potassium di-hydrogen orthophosphate in P. florida while in case of P. flabellatus maximum growth rate of dried mycelium (0.35 mg/day) was found in magnesium sulphate.