Rammah A. Alahnomi

High-Efficiency Microwave Planar Resonator Sensor Based on Bridge Split Ring Topology

This letter presents a high efficiency and accurate measurement of microwave resonator sensor using microstrip planar structural technology. The structure is designed based on the bridge split ring topology. The sensor has the ability to characterize liquid solvents using the extraction of polynomial fitting technique. The bridge equivalent circuit configuration allows the electromagnetic wave to focus on the sensing medium in order to gain high electric flux density, thus react as pushing effect for high Q factor. The bridge structure amplifies the electric field distribution. As demonstrated by the results, the unloaded

High-Q Sensor Based on Symmetrical Split Ring Resonator With Spurlines for Solids Material Detection

{Q}_{u}

Microwave Planar Sensor for Permittivity Determination of Dielectric Materials

-factor improves more than 400 over the narrow bandwidth at operating frequency of 2.3 GHz, and provides less than 10-dB insertion loss. By comparison, this design has an identical performance goal and provides excellent sensing capability which can be implemented in pharmaceutical, biomedical, and beverage industries application.

Microwave bio-sensor based on symmetrical split ring resonator with spurline filters for therapeutic goods detection

This paper presents novel structures of planar microwave sensors for detecting and characterizing the dielectric properties in common solid materials which produce high Q-factors with capability to suppress undesired harmonic spurious. These sensors are based on novel planar symmetrical split ring resonator with spurlines filters by employing the perturbation theory, in which the dielectric properties of the resonator affect the Q-factor and resonance frequency. The proposed sensors achieve narrow resonance with low insertion loss and high-Q and sensitivity which peaked up to 652 at 2.22 GHz operating frequency. By using a specific experimental methodology, practical materials are applied as standards (Roger 5880, Roger 4350, FR4) to validate the sensitivity of the sensors for permitting potentially material characterization and detection. Accordingly, the mathematical equation is derived to extract the materials with unknown properties. The average accuracy percentage of the measured results for all cases of the designed sensors is found within 97%–98% compared with those in the literature for the same tested standard materials. It is believed that these sensors would lead for a promising solution of characterizing material particularly in determining material properties and quality, such as in food industry, bio-sensing medicine applications, and therapeutics goods detections.

Design of double ring resonator (DRR) for material properties measurement

Received Dec 04, 2017 Revised Jan 11, 2018 Accepted Apr 15, 2018 Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs) are fundamental technology in health care that permits the information of a patient’s essential body parameters to be gathered by the sensors. However, the safety and concealment defense of the gathered information is a key uncertain problem. A Hybrid Key Management (HKM) scheme [13] is worked based on Public Key Cryptography (PKC)-authentication scheme. This scheme uses a oneway hash function to construct a Merkle Tree. The PKC method increase the computational complexity and lacking scalability. Additionally, it increases expensive computation, communication costs and delay. To overcome this problem, Robust Security for Protected Health Information by ECC with signature Hash Function in WBAN (RSP) is proposed. The system employs hash-chain based key signature technique to achieve efficient, secure transmission from sensor to user in WBAN. Moreover, Elliptical Curve Cryptography algorithm is used to verifies the authenticate sensor. In addition, it describes the experimental results of the proposed system demonstrate the efficient data communication in a network.A Weblogs contains the history of User Navigation Pattern while user accessing the websites. The user navigation pattern can be analyzed based on the previous user navigation that is stored in weblog. The weblog comprises of various entries like IP address, status code and number of bytes transferred, categories and time stamp. The user interest can be classified based on categories and attributes and it is helpful in identifying user behavior. The aim of the research is to identifying the interested user behavior and not interested user behavior based on classification. The process of identifying user interest, it consists of Modified Span Algorithm and Personalization Algorithm based on the classification algorithm user prediction can be analyzed. The research work explores to analyze user prediction behavior based on user personalization that is captured from weblogs.Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs) are fundamental technology in health care that permits the information of a patient’s essential body parameters to be gathered by the sensors. However, the safety and concealment defense of the gathered information is a key uncertain problem. A Hybrid Key Management (HKM) scheme [13] is worked based on Public Key Cryptography (PKC)-authentication scheme. This scheme uses a oneway hash function to construct a Merkle Tree. The PKC method increase the computational complexity and lacking scalability. Additionally, it increases expensive computation, communication costs and delay. To overcome this problem, Robust Security for Protected Health Information by ECC with signature Hash Function in WBAN (RSP) is proposed. The system employs hash-chain based key signature technique to achieve efficient, secure transmission from sensor to user in WBAN. Moreover, Elliptical Curve Cryptography algorithm is used to verifies the authenticate sensor. In addition, it describes the experimental results of the proposed system demonstrate the efficient data communication in a network.

Microstrip planar resonator sensors for accurate dielectric measurement of microfluidic solutions

A novel symmetrical split ring resonator (SSRR) based microwave sensor with spurline filters for detecting and characterizing the properties of solid materials has been developed. Due to the weak perturbation in the interaction of material under test (MUT) and planar microwave sensor, spurline filters were embedded to the SSRR microwave sensor which effectively enhanced Q-factor with suppressing the undesired harmonic frequency. The spurline filter structures force the presented sensor to resonate at a fundamental frequency of 2.2 GHz with the capabilities of suppressing rejected harmonic frequency and miniaturization in circuit size. A wide bandwidth rejection is achieved by using double spurlines filters with high Q-factor achievement (up to 652.94) compared to single spurline filter. The new SSRR sensor with spurline filters displayed desired properties such as high sensitivity, accuracy, and performance with a 1.3% typical percentage error in the measurement results. Furthermore, the sensor has been successfully applied for detecting and characterizing solid materials (such as Roger 5880, Roger 4350, and FR4) and evidently demonstrated that it can suppress the harmonic frequency effectively. This novel design with harmonic suppression is useful for various applications such as food industry (meat, fruit, vegetables), biological medicine (derived from proteins and other substances produced by the body), and Therapeutic goods (antiseptics, vitamins, anti-psychotics, and other medicines).

Investigation of symmetrical split ring resonator (SSRR) couplings for high sensitivity material characterization

In this paper, a new topology of microwave resonant sensor (MRS) using 1 GHz microstrip double ring resonator (DRR) is presented for measurement of biological tissues such as chicken, beef and fish. This design is based on electromagnetic simulation in terms of resonant frequency, quality factor and permittivity. The sample is placed on the DRR in order to measure its properties. Any change in the sample permittivity leads to change in the resonance frequency. Results from this study show that the Q-factor of the resonant decreases when the DRR with overlay sample of meat; however, the frequency shift increases when the thickness of the sample increases. Material properties measurement provides useful information that can be used to improve the processing, design, control and quality of product.

Harmonic suppression of symmetrical split ring resonator using double spurlines

This paper presents a microstrip planar resonator sensors for accurate dielectric measurement of microfluidic solutions based on split ring resonator approach. A potential technique for characterization of solvents with the microvolume of samples has been investigated. The proposed design structures are focusing on a high Q-factor (≥400) which operates at 2.0 and 2.2 GHz. The characterization principle technique is based on a resonant perturbation method due to the shifting of resonant frequency response and maximum electric fields distribution. This variation has been estimated analytically to extract the permittivity of aqueous solutions. Besides, a comparison of sensitivity performance between proposed resonator sensors and conventional resonator sensors is presented. The sensor has a simple structure, easy to fabricate, and has a low cost of the manufacturing process which may be applied to beverages industry application for halal authentication purpose. The technique offers opportunities for further research on sample condition factor towards dielectric response.

Microwave fluidic sensor using enhanced coupling peripheral Microstrip split-ring resonator sensor

In this paper an investigation of enhanced coupled methods based on planar symmetrical split ring resonator (SSRR) is presented for characterizing the properties of materials. The designed SSRR sensor demonstrates significant improvement in resonant frequency and reflection coefficients when the coupling gap between the feedlines and rings of the sensors is enhanced. The simulated results show that the SSRR achieves narrow resonance with higher Q value of 407. The SSRR sensor can be used for bio -sensing, food industry, quality control, and medicine and pharmacy applications. Experimentally, there is a good agreement in the results of simulation and measurement with possibility of 1.4 % typical error in shifting of the resonance frequency.

High sensitive microwave sensor based on symmetrical split ring resonator for material characterization

In this paper, a new structure of planar microwave sensor for determining and characterizing dielectric materials in common solids is proposed as the appropriate technique to produce high Q-factor with harmonic suppression using double spurlines filter. The proposed sensor is based on new metamaterial symmetrical split ring resonator (SSRR) structure by employing spurline filter for circuit size miniaturization and harmonic suppression. The spurline filter structure forces the proposed resonator to resonate at the fundamental mode which is 2.2 GHz. The double spurlines provide a wider rejection bandwidth compared to the single spurline. The simulated results of the transmission coefficient are in a good agreement with the calculations. It is evidently demonstrated that the proposed ring resonator with double spurlines filter can effectively suppress the harmonic in the ring resonator. The proposed design with harmonic suppression is useful for various applications such as food industry, bio-sensing, medicine, pharmacy and quality control.