Ramon Arigoni Ortiz

JESP symposium: Climate change and social policy

Climate change is surely one of the most encompassing and egregious threats in Europe today, so it is appropriate that we consider its implications for social policy in Europe. It is true that climate change is a separate agenda, the preserve of a distinct academic and epistemic community, scholarly discourse, policy community, institutional structures and modes of governance; but the linkages between these two issues – climate change and its policy corollaries, and the ‘traditional’ domain of social policies – seem to us so strong and salient that they should be aired in a social policy journal.

Willingness to pay for mortality risk reduction associated with air pollution in São Paulo

Contents: 1. Introduction; 2. Background and Previous Work; 3. The Survey; 4. Results; 5. Conclusion. Epidemiological studies report significant association between air pol- lution and cardiovascular and respiratory mortality. Governmental inter- vention is required to implement policies aiming to increase air quality, and cost-benefit analysis can be useful to evaluate such policies. Reducti- ons in risks of death are arguably the most important benefit underlying air-quality policies, and therefore need to be valued in money terms. This paper presents a contingent valuation study conducted in Sao Paulo to es- timate the populations willingness to pay (WTP) to reduce their risk of death and the correspondent value of a statistical life (VSL). Results ranged between US

The costs of climate change: a study of cholera in Tanzania.

0.77 - US

The Linkages between Energy Efficiency and Security of Energy Supply in Europe

6.1 million. Estudos epidemiologicos associam a poluicao atmosferica a mortes por doencas respiratorias e cardiovasculares. Nesse contexto, politicas governamentais que melhorem a qualidade do ar sao necessarias e a analise de custo-beneficio dessas politicas impoe que se estime, em termos monetarios, o mais importante beneficio associado a essas politicas: a reducao do risco de morte da populacao. Este trabalho apresenta um estudo de avaliacao contingente realizado em Sao Paulo que estima a disposicao a pa- gar (DAP) da populacao para reduzir seu risco de morte e o valor de uma vida estatistica (VVE). Os resultados variam entre US

Morbidity costs associated with ambient air pollution exposure in Sao Paulo, Brazil

0.77 - US

DETERMINANTS OF PARTICIPATION AND ACCEPTANCE FOR PAYMENTS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES: A CASE STUDY IN BRAZIL

6.1 milhoes.

Uma análise de cUsto-benefício do mUseU da imagem e do som da cidade do Rio de JaneiRo ( * ) ( ** )

Increased temperatures and changes in rainfall patterns as a result of climate change are widely recognized to entail potentially serious consequences for human health, including an increased risk of diarrheal diseases. This study integrates historical data on temperature and rainfall with the burden of disease from cholera in Tanzania and uses socioeconomic data to control for the impacts of general development on the risk of cholera. The results show a significant relationship between temperature and the incidence of cholera. For a 1 degree Celsius temperature increase the initial relative risk of cholera increases by 15 to 29 percent. Based on the modeling results, we project the number and costs of additional cases of cholera that can be attributed to climate change by 2030 in Tanzania for a 1 and 2 degree increase in temperatures, respectively. The total costs of cholera attributable to climate change are shown to be in the range of 0.32 to 1.4 percent of GDP in Tanzania 2030. The results provide useful insights into national-level estimates of the implications of climate change on the health sector and offer information which can feed into both national and international debates on financing and planning adaptation.

Energy Efficiency Policy in the USA: The Impact of the Industrial Assessment Centres (IAC) Programme and State and Regional Climate Policy Actions

It can be argued that one way to reduce the dependence from external energy sources, is simply to reduce the demand for energy. Energy savings may thus be considered a policy priority when concerns for energy security are particularly strong. Drawing on an original econometric approach, we check whether policies and measures that affect indicators of energy efficiency performance have an analogous effect on security of supply indicators, both at the whole economy level and within the main sectors of energy use in the EU 15 countries and Norway. Our analyses show that the indicators studied are affected by a number of policies and measures; however very few of them seem able to tackle effectively and simultaneously, energy efficiency, carbon efficiency and energy security. The main lesson to be drawn from this analysis is therefore that there is a number of energy efficiency policies in the EU that do work, but there is no silver bullet able to successfully address different policy objectives. Taking a more general perspective, what seems to work is the policy mix rather than this or that policy in insulation.

External Costs from Severe Accidents in Non-Nuclear Fuel Chains: Valuation of Relevant End-Points

Abstract In 2007 we conducted a contingent valuation survey in Sao Paulo, Brazil, to estimate the populations willingness–to–pay (WTP) to avoid one hospital admission (HA) and one emergency–room visit (ER) due to respiratory diseases in adults and children younger than 5 years old; and cardiovascular diseases in adults only; both associated with atmospheric air pollution. Our annual mean WTP estimates are €81.82 (adult) and €137.92 (child) for HA; €48.40 (adult) and €90.66 (child) for ER due to respiratory diseases; €53.57 (ER) and €90.08 (HA) for cardiovascular diseases. Our results suggest altruism towards children, and a strong income effect on WTP. Results will help analysts evaluating the health benefits of specific policies with potential air pollution impacts in Sao Paulo, Brazil.

The Economic Costs of Fire in the Amazon

Este estudo estima a probabilidade de produtores rurais participarem de um programa de pagamentos por servicos ambientais (PSA) na bacia do rio Paraiba do Sul, Brasil, para atividades de conversao produtiva, conservacao e regeneracao florestal, com base numa pesquisa de campo junto aos potenciais provedores. A estrategia de identificacao condiciona as funcoes de probabilidade a participar do programa de PSA e a aceitar o pagamento proposto a fatores economicos e percepcoes com tecnicas de analise fatorial e testa modelos econometricos em um e dois estagios. Os resultados apontam que a adesao a programas de PSA e influenciada nao apenas por fatores relativos ao custo financeiro de oportunidade para a adocao das novas atividades, mas, principalmente, por fatores relativos ao conhecimento previo dos provedores sobre questoes relativas ao programa e suas percepcoes de risco e incerteza quanto ao nivel de esforco necessario para a adequacao as atividades oferecidas.