Ramón Llopis Goig

Fair trade and global cognitive orientation: a focus on Spanish fair trade consumers

In the past few years, there has been an increase in the ethical consumer, characterized by more reflexive values like solidarity, social responsibility, multiculturalism and ecology. This idea has found support in the appearance and development of proposals like fair trade, along with others, such as responsible consumption, the recycling business or sustainable development. In a parallel way, also during the past few years, various analysts have pointed out that the phenomenon of globalization is changing not only the aspect of the world but also our way of perceiving it, which is progressively becoming a global orientation. In the framework of these two tendencies, this paper examines the extent to which global orientation is also a characteristic of consumers of fair trade products. The paper presents a two-phase exploratory study. The first phase, of a quantitative nature, showed the greater global orientation of Spanish consumers of fair trade products, and it obtained a typology of them. This typology showed, however, that not all the clusters of consumers of fair trade products have a high global orientation, which reveals that the relationship between this dimension and the consumption of fair trade products is not a direct, straightforward one. The subsequent qualitative study examined the components of this global orientation in each of the three clusters where the consumption of fair trade products was the highest. The results showed that the purchase of fair trade products is influenced by the global orientation of the consumer, although other factors, such as a sense of social responsibility and trust in international non-governmental organizations, can condition this influence.

Identity, nation-state and football in Spain. the evolution of nationalist feelings in Spanish football.

This essay shows the importance of the identity component in the development of Spanish football from its birth at the beginning of the twentieth century, when football was organized at a regional level, until the present time when football reflects the democratic and post‐national Spain created after the arrival of democracy in the last quarter of the twentieth century. The essay expounds the existence of four periods in the development of the nationalistic feelings with which Spanish football has been embodied: the pre‐national or regional period, the period of Spanish nationalization, the period of strengthening of peripheral nationalisms and the post‐national period. In order to explain each of these periods, the role and symbolic representation of the Spanish National Team, Real Madrid, Barcelona FC, Athletic de Bilbao, among others, will be examined.

Learning and representation: the construction of masculinity in football. An analysis of the situation in Spain

This essay examines the construction of masculinity through football in Spanish society. The results are presented from a study whose main objective was to investigate to what degree the changes that have occurred in the past few years with regard to the construction of masculinities can also be extended to the football setting. In order to carry out the research, qualitative interviews were conducted with fans, groups of fans, coaches, physical education teachers and youth and professional footballers. The essay concludes that Spanish football continues to be a space in which a hegemonic masculinity is reproduced, and this is due to the influence of various social agents who facilitate and induce the learning and representation processes of this hegemonic masculinity. We have called this type of masculinity, inductor masculinity.This essay examines the construction of masculinity through football in Spanish society. The results are presented from a study whose main objective was to investigate to what degree the changes that have occurred in the past few years with regard to the construction of masculinities can also be extended to the football setting. In order to carry out the research, qualitative interviews were conducted with fans, groups of fans, coaches, physical education teachers and youth and professional footballers. The essay concludes that Spanish football continues to be a space in which a hegemonic masculinity is reproduced, and this is due to the influence of various social agents who facilitate and induce the learning and representation processes of this hegemonic masculinity. We have called this type of masculinity, inductor masculinity.

National orientation, universal outlook – the symbolic capital of FC Barcelona in the global era

Abstract From its beginnings, FC Barcelona has been a sports entity in which an important nationalist orientation has coincided with a culture of integration and global openness. The first characteristic was forged from the second decade of the 20th century, when the club became a symbol of Catalonia. The second could be detected throughout the 20th century, both in the foreign origins of its founders and in the majority of its star players, as well as in the inter-classism and universality that characterizes its followers. This article examines to what extent FC Barcelona can continue to be seen nowadays as an institution that articulates the local and the global in Catalan society.

Motivos de práctica y abandono físico-deportivo en alumnado universitario con discapacidad: influencia de la edad y el grado de discapacidad. (Reasons for sport practice and drop-out in university students with disabilities: influence of age and disability grade).

El objetivo de este articulo es analizar los motivos de practica y abandono fisico-deportivo del alumnado universitario con discapacidad, asi como las relaciones y diferencias en dichos motivos en funcion de variables sociodemograficas. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 129 estudiantes con discapacidad (60 hombres, 69 mujeres) de edades comprendidas entre los 17 y los 62 anos (M = 34,66; DT = 12,02) de la Universitat de Valencia, a los cuales se les facilito un cuestionario. Los resultados indican que los motivos de practica fisico-deportiva mas importantes son aquellos relacionados con la salud. Ademas, existe una relacion negativa entre la edad y los motivos de practica referidos a la mejora de las relaciones sociales, como estar con amigos/as (rho = -0,210; p = 0,043) o conocer nuevas personas (rho = -0,255; p = 0,013). En cuanto a los motivos de abandono, los mas importantes son los problemas de salud, seguidos de la falta de tiempo o la falta de recursos economicos. Tambien se encuentra una relacion positiva entre el grado de discapacidad y algunos motivos de abandono relacionados con el entorno, como no disponer de instalaciones adaptadas (rho = 0,488; p = 0,003) o la falta de personal de apoyo (rho = 0,534; p = 0,001). Por ultimo, se presentan las principales implicaciones del estudio para la promocion de estilos de vida activos en este colectivo. Palabras clave: Personas con discapacidad, actividad fisica, motivos, barreras, modelo socio-ecologico. === Abstract The aim of this paper is to analyse the reasons for sport practice and drop-out in university students with disabilities, as well as the relations and differences in this reasons according to sociodemographic variables. The sample consisted of 129 students with disabilities (60 men, 69 women; M = 34,66; SD = 12,02) from the University of Valencia who completed a questionnaire. The results show that the most important reasons for sport practice are those related to health. In addition, there is a negative relation between age and reasons related to the improvement of social relationships, like being with friends (rho = -0,210; p = 0,043) and meeting new people (rho = -0,255; p = 0,013). Regarding drop-out reasons, the most important are health problems, followed by lack of time and lack of economic resources. There is also a positive relation between the percentage of disability and some drop-out reasons related to the environment, as not have adapted facilities (rho = 0,488; p = 0,003) or lack of support staff (rho = 0,534; p = 0,001). Finally, the implications of the study for the promotion of active lifestyles in this collective are presented. Keywords: People with disabilities, physical activity, reasons, barriers, socio-ecological model.

ONG internacionales y solidaridad global. Un análisis referido a la sociedad española (International NGOs and Global Solidarity. A Focus on Spanish Society)

Diversos analistas han apuntado la emergencia de una conciencia global en estrecha relacion con el proceso de globalizacion de la vida social. Se considera que esta conciencia global, sustentada en una ampliacion del espacio geografico de responsabilidad desde el que los ciudadanos se sienten interpelados, esta alentada por la revolucion de las tecnologias de la informacion y la comunicacion (TIC), los contenidos difundidos por los mass media y la accion de las ONG internacionales. Situandose en el contexto de actuacion de estas ultimas y partiendo de los datos de un Barometro del CIS (Estudio 2419), este trabajo pretende contrastar empiricamente la hipotesis de la accion modificadora de los «marcos de referencia culturales» de las ONG interinternacionales y su papel en la proliferacion de sentimientos de solidaridad global, asi como la distribucion de estos ultimos en la sociedad espanola. Para ello, en primer lugar, se propone una operacionalizacion de las dimensiones empiricas de la solidaridad; en segundo lugar, se analiza la influencia de la pertenencia a diversos tipos de asociaciones y organizaciones sobre las dimensiones de la solidaridad, y, por ultimo, se examina el grado en que estas se encuentran asociadas a diversas posiciones de la estructura social.